Humanitarian anthropology includes such a relevant topic as imprisonment. This study models the axiological worldview of World War I prisoners of war (POWs) based on the correspondence written by Austro-Hungarian Czechs between 1916 and 1918. The linguistic analysis of this epistolary discourse makes it possible to identify several value dominants. POW epistolary discourse strongly depends on extralinguistic factors, including the communicative space of the communicants. Presented in speech activity as natural written speech, it constitutes a discursive practice. Despite censorship filters, the natural written speech of POWs remains a significant and objective source for identifying the value dominants within the discursive reflection of this social community. The epistolary discourse of Czech POWs is determined by historical, cultural, political, national, psychological, group, individual, and genre-related factors. The axiological context of this epistolary discourse is represented by a specific set of high-frequency linguistic units with axiological semantics.

The paper explores the epistemological aspects of text/discourse generation, focusing on ontological, methodological, and axiological dimensions. Translation discourse is examined from the perspective of the translation episteme and the translation environment. The translation episteme is represented by cognition (ontology), synergy (methodology), and harmony (axiology). The axiological component of translation discourse has a systemic nature, which requires a wider range of quality assessment criteria. The theoretical framework is illustrated by excerpts from Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and their Russian and French translations produced in different historical periods, from Carroll’s contemporaries to the modern day. To estimate translation quality, the authors employ both traditional axiological criteria, such as adequacy and equivalence, and their own proposed criteria, such as harmony/disharmony and ecological / unecological. They represent a translation quality assessment framework centered on communication participants. The harmony / disharmony criterion evaluates the translation from the perspective of the translator, while the ecological / unecological criterion assesses it from the standpoint of the recipient belonging to a foreign language and culture. Each translation version satisfies specific criteria, which signifies the importance of their differentiation and systematization in expanding the research field of translation axiology.

The report discusses the spheres, styles, and genres of digital neorhetoric against the background of various approaches to digital rhetoric in contemporary literary studies. E-speech is a spontaneous form of e-discourse that follows neither the rules of oral nor of written speech, involves graphics, and demonstrates a specific punctuation, vocabulary, and syntax. The vocabulary consists of substandard urban vernacular with elements of general jargon and frequent obscenities, which makes communication hyperemotional and evaluative. At the rhetorical level, such discourse is intertextual (collective authorship), ironic, and aggressive. Traditional stylistic concepts are inapplicable since this discourse is at the intersection of various spheres of communication. The article introduces a neorhetoric classification of e-discourse as non-oral and non-written, depending on the communicative purpose or sphere, which means that the typology relies on extralinguistic grounds: verbal art, media, everyday communication, etc. Some of the genres discussed are totally new, while others are digitally modified traditional genres. From a sociolinguistic perspective, virtual communication has a different stratification and principles of group communication. Netiquette is different from offline etiquette, but a violation of e-politeness may lead to a ban on communication. From a psychological perspective, e-communication is both personal and public, which affects media socialization.

Interdiscursivity remains largely understudied in new hybrid genres, e.g., in amateur film criticism. However, interdiscursivity is undoubtedly a key mechanism of film blog texts. Amateur film criticism is at the intersection of personal discourse and professional expertise. Bloggers use a diverse range of discursive strategies to build trust and engage the audience, i.e., to achieve their communicative goal. These linguistic tools and pragmatic interdiscursive functions were subjected to a linguistic and pragmatic analysis in the specific context of film blogging. The methods of discursive, pragmatic, and stylistic analyses were applied to texts retrieved from the Kinorium platform to establish ways of interaction between personal and professional discourses, which manifests itself as a system of multi-level tools and depends on the specific pragmatics. Interdiscursivity manifests itself in film blogs through the systemic interaction of personal, professional, media, and internet discourses. The main linguistic markers include a combination of emotionally evaluative vocabulary with specialized terms, stylistic devices, appeals to personal experience, and internet communication tools. From a pragmatic point of view, interdiscursivity proves to serve as a strategic tool for legitimizing subjective assessment, reducing distance from the reader, and digital adaptation. This resulting multidimensional product is both sophisticated and emotional, which makes it especially engaging and influential. Future research will include audience response to the interdiscursive variations in film blogging.

Humor was inherent in Spanish advertising texts from 1900 to 1930 as part of national and linguistic identity. This article describes the linguistic, ethnopsychological, and sociocultural aspects of humor in Spanish advertising as a means of audience influence. In the early 20th century, Spanish advertising started using visualization to support verbal communication and enhance its effect on consumers’ minds. The research featured 142 creolized ads from the Catalan company Cortés Hermanos to identify the methods of audience manipulation as a national marketing strategy in early Spanish advertising. The stylistic, structural-semantic, descriptive, cognitive, and conceptual analyses revealed the following advertising strategies: 1) the use of a comic effect in communicating information; 2) national and cultural components; 3) brand recall techniques; 4) stylization to disguise the advertising nature of the text.

Disputes about Altaic (Transeurasian) kinship make the issue of the origins of the Turkic language continuum a relevant scientific area. To address this problem, Turkology and Altaic studies use a transdisciplinary approach. The article attempts to reconstruct some features of the Proto-Turkic world by comparing monosyllabism in the Yakut, Chuvash, Tuvan, Kyrgyz, and the Turkic Ursprache languages against a comparative-historical background. The diverse methodology and transdisciplinary approach lead to the denial of the theory of Transeurasian kinship. The correlation between the worlds of the Xiongnu and the Ursprache Turks, the Proto-Turks and the slab-grave culture represents an exclusively authorial concept, making no claim to absolute truth and requiring further verification. The diversification of the Proto-Turkic population occurred in Mongolia, where evidence of linguistic diversity was found in the Turkic Ursprache. The Turkic language continuum did not arise as a result of the divergence (disintegration) of the Altaic (Transeurasian) proto-language, but as a result of the early convergence of the Proto-Turks and Caucasoid populations and their languages within the slab-grave and deer stones (kereksur) cultures. This took place during the period between the 13th–12th centuries BC and the 8th–7th centuries (or 9th–8th centuries) BC in Southern Buryatia and Mongolia, leading to the transition of the Caucasoid populations to Proto-Turkic and its subsequent divergence. Probably, these events were reflected in Chinese narratives about the relationship between the Di and Rong and the ancestors of the Xiongnu. The Proto-Turkic world is associated with the change of seasons, steppes, mountains, pastures, and abundant water bodies, as well as with periodic extreme weather events leading to livestock deaths due to a lack of food. The nomadic Proto-Turks were engaged in sewing, hewing, making bows, and producing oil, and they also had knowledge of writing and arithmetic.

This article substantiates the linguistic foundation of moral-ethical intuitions through a systematic analysis of the voice dichotomy, based on the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. It describes the opposition between non-passive and exclusively passive verbs in English grammar to demonstrate its role in shaping basic intuitions about autonomy and heteronomy. The research focuses on two complementary grammatical classes: verbs that lack passive voice forms and verbs used exclusively in the passive. The hypothesis posits that these classes mark a fundamental ontological dichotomy of human experience. Non-passive verbs form the autonomous core of the person: they outline irreducible states (being, having, becoming) that cannot be conceptualized as a result of external influence. In contrast, exclusively passive verbs constitute the passive perimeter of sociality, where the individual acts as an object of external forces, institutions, and normative practices. The methodology of the study includes conceptual, comparative, and corpus analysis, a hermeneutic approach, and a componential analysis of semantic invariants. English grammatical restrictions within the category of voice create semantic taboo zones and beaten paths that structure the moral thinking of native speakers, making some ethical concepts (autonomy, personal responsibility) cognitively more accessible than others (heteronomy, duty). The research overcomes traditional lexical-centrism by identifying a specific syntactic mechanism that mediates the connection between language structure and moral consciousness. Ultimately, the rules of grammar act as an active constitutive factor of moral ontology; grammar is not a passive reflection but an active constitutive force that predetermines the boundaries of the morally acceptable, forming a "linguistic a priori" of ethical experience. The study contributes to meta-ethics by offering an operationalizable tool for testing the linguistic relativity hypothesis in the realm of morality and outlining prospects for cross-linguistic research.

This linguacultural analysis examines the semantic content of the concept Yugra in contemporary Russian discourse. While recent advancements in corpus linguistics have enabled the design of dynamic models for language and discourse phenomena, onomastic concepts remain largely understudied. The linguacultural reconstruction of Yugra as a field structure relied on 5,503 instances extracted from 2,388 texts across various subcorpora of the Russian National Corpus (including the Main, Newspaper, Poetic, Academic, Spoken, Historical, and Social Media corpora). The methodological framework integrates corpus-statistical analysis, contextual-semantic methods, and the conceptual field organization model developed by Z.D. Popova and I.A. Sternin. The distributional and semantic results were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This comprehensive approach revealed the core cognitive features of the Yugra concept and the connections between them, which demonstrated a pronounced semantic disparity. The core (90.8% of contexts) was shaped predominantly by data from the newspaper corpus, which was dominated by lexemes with commercial semantics, specifically Yugra Bank (41.35%). The near periphery (8.7% of contexts) proved to be semantically stable and defined a territorial component. The far periphery (0.4% of contexts) retained the historical, archetypal national core. Consequently, the Yugra concept has undergone a significant transformation: from a traditional ethnotoponym, it has evolved into a modern economic brand with a dual nature, merging industrial modernity with cultural archaism and hinting at the future expansion of its semantic potential.

The article describes the semantic features of Old English euphemisms for birth and marriage. For the first time, euphemisms denoting sexual relations, pregnancy, and childbirth were described and analyzed based on lexicographic and thesaurus sources of the Old English period. The conceptualization of these taboo phenomena in the Anglo-Saxon period depended on a variety of historical and cultural factors. The concepts of birth and marriage in Old English culture were analyzed based on their stereotypical core and cognitive structure. Euphemistic lexemes were systematized in accordance with their onomasiological features, with contextual uses drawn from the explanatory dictionary of Anglo-Saxon concepts. Metonymic and metaphorical shifts proved to be the most popular euphemization mechanisms, with metonymy being the most productive word-formation method. From a semasiological perspective, these euphemisms are characterized by descriptiveness. A significant predominance of euphemisms for marriage demonstrated a quantitative asymmetry. The research also revealed a gender aspect in the formation of euphemistic lexemes, as well as certain shortcomings in the structure of modern Old English lexicographic sources.

Most effective brands of legal organizations evoke a stable correlation between the nominator’s intentions and the clients’ perception. By analyzing the way recipients decode the nominator’s intentions, the authors identified potential naming risks in the sphere of lawyer firms. The methodology consisted of three steps: 1)        identifying the nominator’s intentions, explicitly and implicitly presented on the firm’s website; 2) a free association experiment, identifying associative dominants and correlating them with the nominator’s attitudes; 3) identifying decoding strategies to assess their effectiveness. The verification experiment featured 100 students of philology (Kemerovo State University), who were offered two law firm brands, PRIM Group and Glauks, as verbal stimuli. The associative-figurative names of foreign origin proved difficult to perceive and resulted in inaccurate decoding of the nominator’s intention. Linguistic markers of such difficulties manifested at the lexical, morphological, syntactic, and punctuation levels. The respondents used four strategies to decode the nominator’s intentions: linguistic, cultural, paronymic, and sympractical. Only the first two resulted in a relatively accurate explication of the meanings intended by the nominators. The linguistic, cultural, and professional barriers included the lack of knowledge of a foreign language, mythology, education, etc. Therefore, marketeers should take into account the receptive capabilities of the potential clients; only in this case will the name be effective in both communicative and marketing terms.

The white man’s burden is a linguacultural concept subject to diachronic dynamics and semantic transformation. Originating in Rudyard Kipling’s 1899 poem, it immediately developed a system of stable subframes (the missionary, the traveler, and the master) in the literature of that period. Subsequently, it underwent a complete dynamic cycle, from its detailed artistic development in literature at the turn of the 20th century, through the stage of ideological instrumentalization in colonial political discourse (W. Churchill, T. Roosevelt), to its contemporary critical reinterpretation. Combining diachronic linguacultural studies (E.V. Budaev, O.N. Kondratieva, E.A. Nakhimova, A.P. Chudinov) and discursive-cognitive analysis (A.P. Minyar-Belorucheva), the authors identified the mechanisms and results of this radical semantic inversion. In the modern political and media environments, the geopolitical frame of the white man’s burden has shifted from the opposition of metropolis vs. colony to the conflict between the Global North and the Global South. The axiological aspect has inverted from the rhetoric of a "civilizing mission" to the critique of neocolonialism. Visual and media representations have turned from the straightforward caricatures of the 19th century to today’s complex and ironic imagery. The derivative concept of "dead white men" marks a culturological expansion that shifts the critique into the plane of deconstructing the Western cultural canon. As a linguacultural concept, the white man’s burden serves as a representative model for studying how historical ideologemes surface with reversed semantic valence to interpret current conflicts.

Intercultural conflict potential can be studied based on the naive consciousness of Russian speakers. The concept of migrant is socially significant for contemporary Russia. This associative experiment identifies negative connotations associated with the word migrant. These negative connotations lend the word an additional evaluative meaning that semantically contradicts the neutral meaning recorded in dictionaries. This new semantics should be recorded in dictionaries of social vocabulary. The resulting semantic gestalt of the associative field migrant makes it possible to identify conflict-generating linguistic units whose semantics can form an undesirable meaning of the migrant concept. Yu.N. Karaulov’s theory of semantic gestalt was used to systematize and structure the associative field of migrant, as well as to determine the ethnocultural specificity of the Russian naive consciousness and linguistic worldview. The associative experiment, which yielded 1,299 responses, revealed five semantic zones. Three of them indicate areas of potential conflict: social norms, adaptation, and labor and social benefits. The conflict potential of these zones is linked to the economic situation and differences in values, norms, and models of behavior and communication. These differences serve as a prerequisite for ethnic intolerance. However, responses showing acceptance and respect can serve as a starting point for further research into mutual ethnocultural adaptation. The dynamics of the associative field may supplement the lexicographic database and help assess the impact of migration policy on Russian society’s attitude toward labor migration.

This study determines the status of secondary verb prefixes in the linguistic consciousness of native Russian speakers as derivationally active means of word formation. Based on a psycholinguistic experiment, the authors determined the presence or absence of derivational activity of secondary verb prefixes in the contemporary Russian language. The psycholinguistic experiment (n = 100; age range: 17–50 years) aimed at identifying the combinability of 30 aspectual pairs of verbs of different lexico-semantic groups with secondary prefixes (до-, недо-, при-, под-, по-, пере-, на-, за-, пред-, раз-). It revealed the lexico-semantic groups of verbs to which respondents attached a secondary prefix and the derivational potential of each secondary word-formation formant. The level of derivational activity of prefixes proved to vary with time. Currently, are при-, под-, по-, до-, недо-, пере-, and на- are derivationally active secondary verb prefixes. Native Russian speakers are aware of their meaning and actively use them in speech practice. On the contrary, the prefixes за-, раз-, and пред- remain an unproductive means of verbal word-formation.

William Butler Yeats’s ballad The Cloak, the Boat, and the Shoes differs from folk ballads in its literary genre and mythopoetic symbolism. This comprehensive, multidisciplinary study investigates the poem’s linguistic and literary aspects by integrating methods of literary criticism (genre, comparative, mythopoetic, and hermeneutic analysis) with linguistic approaches (analysis of dictionary definitions, as well as contextual and stylistic analysis). The findings demonstrate both similarities to and differences from the poem’s folk roots. The major difference is that the poet transcends the limitations of the traditional genre, imparting two semantic layers of varying depth. This duality stems from the ambivalent essence of the wanderer called Sorrow, who is divided into anthropomorphic images of human grief and death. The ritual-and-mythological substratum of the text reveals numerous references to an archaic world model, testifying to the key role of the mythopoetic component. The thanatological plot motif of the seafarer who personifies death is full of mythopoetic symbols that correlate with archaic burial rituals and initiation riddles. Mythopoetic symbolism also manifests itself in the trinity of the composition and the prohibition on the direct nomination of death as a mythological object. The multi-level linguistic devices enhance the figurative and expressive structure of the poetic text. The mythopoetic symbolism extracted from the ballad’s linguistic fabric expands its semantic horizons.

The Russian mentality and national character are reflected in cultural texts, while the regional linguacultural profile is expressed in local literature. The Tomsk poet Boris N. Klimychev (1930–2013) used a variety of linguistic means to represent the image of Siberia in his verse. This article describes the linguistic representation of all types of sensory perception within the cultural and stylistic dimensions of Siberian poetry. The image of Siberia in Klimychev’s poetry is examined through the lens of his idiostyle and perceptive linguistics. It forms an artistic perceptive macro-image consisting of such micro-images as the city, cold, dampness, silence, darkness, fog, and the taiga. Klimychev’s poetry heavily focuses on vegetative micro-images, including the pine, cedar, birch, bird cherry, and poplar. The semantic chronotope is dominated by acoustic and auditory perception. The texts are rich in perceptual units with sound semantics, which are closely associated with the imagery of a tram, knocking, creaking, and horses. Being at the core of Klimychev’s idiolect, these auditory images provide a direct reference to the history of the Tomsk Province.

This article analyzes ideas about the architectonics of the artistic event and the creative act as a sequence of moments in the Russian Modernism of the 1940s and 1950s. This period is classified as Late Modernism and is considered a distinct historical and literary stage. It comprises authors whose creative careers had their roots in the Silver Age. The article examines the lyrical, epic, and diary works on the nature of creativity by Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, and Mikhail Prishvin. These writers shared similar views on the architectonics of the artistic event. They investigated the topic of the artist’s split soul: while one part dwells in empirical everyday life, the other belongs to transcendental harmony. This transcendental position gives the author a perspective that completes the artistic image. Boris Pasternak acquired this understanding of architectonics in the 1910s whereas Anna Akhmatova and Mikhail Prishvin came to it during the period of Late Modernism. The philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin expressed similar views on the nature of the artistic event as early as in the 1920s. Probably, the Silver Age inherited this philosophical idea from Antiquity and the Middle Ages.