The study features the image of the world of the university students and verifies its structural and content model of chronotopic characteristics. It includes subjective space-temporal and value-semantic components. An empirical study resulted in a phenomenological description of the image of the world that students develop at university. The paper focuses on the transformation of these spatial-temporal and value-semantic components in the learning process. The study involved 450 students from 10 cities of the Russian Federation. They showed a low level of development and insufficient dynamics of subjective chronotopic characteristics of the world image. This result was especially prominent in students working for their Master's degree. Neither did they reveal any progress in professional, civil, and ideological identity, nor any semantic connection between the past, present, and future. The participants demonstrated a low level of meaningfulness of life and individual time locus. The value disorientation manifestations were high, while the significance of the bottom materialistic values was low. The authors believe that students need a better system of psychological and pedagogical support to develop an integral chronotopic system of the image of the world. The article introduces some priority directions of psychological and pedagogical support that could help students to develop identity, time perspective, and the system of value and semantic orientations.

The research featured value components of life strategies exhibited by graduates of secondary vocational education institutions. The research methods involved M. O. Mdivani and P. B. Kodess’s method of life strategies, M. Rokeach’s method of value orientations, R. Inglehart’s method modified by M. S. Yanitskiy, C. Rogers and R. Dymond’s method of social and psychological adaptation diagnostics, etc. The authors analyzed the hierarchy of values in graduates with different levels of social and psychological adaptation. The graduates were divided into groups on the basis of C. Rogers and R. Dymond’s methodology adapted by A. K. Osnitsky. The test revealed common and variable values in the structure of the graduates’ life strategies. Respondents with a high level of adaptation were purposeful and ready to take responsibility for important decisions; their scenario of the future was optimistic; socializing value type predominated; the value component included specific life values and values of professional self-actualization. Graduates with a medium level of socio-psychological adaptation adhered to conformist values; their dominant value types were socializing and adapting; they had a high level of anxiety and uncertainty about the future while showing no willingness to overcome difficulties and achieve their life goals. The values of professional self-actualization had an advantage in the long-term perspective. The authors conclude that graduates with low and medium adaptation levels need psychological and pedagogical support when they enter independent life.

Objective. In this article we present the translation and adaptation of the "Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI)" into Russian.
Method. We studied the results of 245 participants: 100 male and 145 female at the age of 17–70 years old (M=28,33; SD=14,37). We analyzed the results of ISRI comparing them to Russian test of statuses and structure of egoidentity (E. L. Soldatova).
Results. The statistic analysis of the data let us conclude that Russian version of ISRI has been shown to be a generally valid and reliable psychometric technique for assessing identity stages.
Conclusion. The "Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI)" was successfully translated and adopted into Russian and might be used as a psychometric technique for psychological consulting and investigation for identity.

The empirical study featured content-related characteristics of civic identity in university students. According to constructivist approach, civic identity is a cognitive-value formation shaped in the process of personal development. It manifests itself in the subjective significance of one’s nationality. Its structure consists of cognitive (meaningful), affective (emotional-evaluative), and behavioral components. The cognitive component was the first stage in the present study of students’ civic identity conducted in February 2020. The authors used a Citizen’s Questionnaire developed by O. S. Deyneka and analyzed essays "Russia is My Country". The analysis revealed the structure of the substantial component of civic identity: the image of the state, government, fellow citizens, an ideal citizen, etc., and ideas about Russian values, environment, culture, history, etc. The data obtained gave reason to believe that civic identity has worldview, social, and territorial foundations. The respondents admired the nature, territory, and historical achievements of Russia, while the image of the state, fellow citizens, and authorities belonged to problematic representations. The present research can help to develop new technologies for the support of civic identity at university.

The statutory meanings of higher mental functions in adults remained understudied for a long time. The present research was based on a neuropsychological analysis of the functional capacities of three brain blocks and favored strategies of information processing in adults. The analysis made it possible to distinguish five main types: 1 – with relatively weak functions of the dynamic praxis; 2 – with a moderate deficit of the left hemisphere functions; 3 – with relatively weak visualspatial functions; 4 – with a moderate deficit of brain block I resulting in the general deterioration of higher mental functions; 5 – with no functional deficit. The neuropsychological indexes showed that subgroup 1 had the lowest values of the functions of brain block III and a high level of processing of visual, auditory, and visual-spatial information. In subgroup 2, the index of the state of left hemisphere functions was law, which resulted in weak analytical strategy for processing auditory information, verbal-perceptual problems, and a slight decrease in brain block I. This meant a decrease in the voluntary regulation of activity. Subgroup 3 had the lowest index of right hemisphere functions and a deficiency of right hemispheric holistic information processing strategies. Subgroup 4 had low functional capacities of brain block I and other indicators, especially those associated with the processing of auditory, visual-spatial information, planning, and control. The adults in subgroup 5 showed good for all the indicators.

The present research featured the psychological and pedagogical conditions that shape the learning environment in the multiethnic space at university. The article focuses on the methods and technologies that develop a multiethnic learning environment based on the psychological phenomena of leadership and group norms. These methods evolved from psychological theories of leadership, norm formation, and small group development. The article also describes how these methods and technologies can be implemented in practice in order to provide the most favorable environment in conditions of ethnic diversity. The technologies include directing leader’s activity and developing group norms. The first technology sets behavior patterns and develops personal qualities of the leader while attracting other students’ attention to his or her activities. The method of developing group norms includes instruction, group discussion, private counseling on intercultural issues, and teacher’s own role model. Methods and technologies for creating a favorable learning environment are based on the need to bring up an ethno-oriented personality. These methods affect psychological characteristics of students, especially those associated with the ability to modify one’s behavior for beneficial intercultural communication. In the context of the multicultural learning practice, the educational tasks of the selected technologies of psycho-pedagogical interaction are to immerse students in the cognitive multicultural process, thus using the multicultural environment of the university as a factor of self-development.

The present research traced the connection between the behavior of social net users and 1) the content they view devoted to romantic relationships and 2) their social representations about their prospective spouse. The survey involved 525 respondents and an authentic questionnaire of three blocks. The first block of questions was based on a content analysis of young people's essays and social net entries. It featured social representations about romantic relationships and marriage. The second block was connected with socio-demographic characteristics. The third block analyzed the use of social networks and other communication channels. The study revealed a link between one’s behavior in social networks and social representations about a romantic partner, married life, and family relations. Users that frequently viewed social media posts about relationships between men and women were not marriage-oriented and did not seek long-term romantic relationships. They viewed romantic relationships as an exciting adventure and they entertained a possibility of having different partners at different life stages. Such elements in social representations may lead to a more tolerant attitude to such phenomena as unregistered marriage, divorce, and serial monogamy.

This paper provides an analysis of French and Russian discourse produced by different types of bilingual children. The respondents were asked to describe a set of pictures using Russian and French reflexive and reciprocal verbs, as well as their irreflexive analogues from the other language. The respondents were natural bilinguals that lived in France in Russian-French or Russian families. The research followed the long-existing tradition of bilingual discourse studies via picture description. The check set included twenty-two pictures that featured a cat performing different actions. The speech contained verbs that matched the predicted use, their synonyms, and even other verbal constructions, e.g. passive or infinitive verb forms. Furthermore, children used one-member sentences that consisted of nouns or adverbs. In all cases, the children demonstrated a more advanced level of the French language than that of Russian. This followed from several indicators: lack of Russian comments, amount of incorrect or non-standard comments, and constant switching to French. French interference appeared more pronounced. As for reflexive verbs, the number of errors was insignificant both in Russian and French discourse.

The article focuses on the cognitive-semiotic nature of precedent phenomena as a marker of intertextuality. The symbolic function of precedent statements, texts, and names allows them to act as indirect naming and represent concepts of acts. An act is always voluntary; it is committed by an actant, receives external evaluation, and leads to a certain result. The precedent phenomena that facilitate interpretation of the acts they describe appeared to have a high cognitive potential in the Russian speech. Different kinds of phenomena represent different acts, precedent statements being the most popular type. They can represent all kind of acts, even in their concise form. Some precedent phenomena name only particular acts, e.g. betrayal, dishonesty, and other negatively evaluated acts, while others can mark a wide range of acts, even those with opposite values, e.g. heroism vs. crime.

The Portuguese word "Brazil" is a complex notion for bearers of Brazilian language identity. Not only does it include the name of the country but also a number of generic notions, one of which is primary with respect to the geographical name and others are secondary. The name of the country goes back to the word-combination pau brasil (mahogany). This secular name co-occurred with a sacral one, i.e. Terra de Santa Cruz. The secular variant survived in spite of the negative attitude it evoked in the first decades of its existence. Its further reassessment led to the formation of other notions that form the core of the semantic field "Brazil". The peculiar feature of this field is its early formation (mid XVII century) and early elaboration of various meanings that the word "Brazil" has retained up to now. The complex notion "Brazil", which includes such meanings as "mahogany", "country", "indigenous population", "territories", and "language", is so multifold due to its secular nature: the sacral name of Santa Cruz (Holy Cross) could not have been used in such a way.

The present research featured short stories by Anna Gavalda, a contemporary French writer. The research objective was to define the genre and style of Petites Pratiques Germanopratines (Peculiarities of Saint-Germain Boulevard) published in Gavalada’s collection of novellas entitled Je Voudrais Que Quelqu’un M’attende Quelque Part (I wish somebody were waiting for me somewhere). The novella demonstrated features common to this type of narration: small volume; few characters; focus on their everyday private life and a singular event that changes it; dramatic nature of the plot development; peripeteia and a manifestly expressed culminating point resulting in a denouement that defeats the reader’s expectancy; prosaically neutral style of narration achieved by the use of neutral and literary-colloquial lexical units, etc. Alongside the typical features, the research revealed some specific characteristics that manifested themselves in the novella under analysis: first-person narrative; elements of psychology introduced into narration, e.g. inner monologues of the protagonist or her inner dialogue with a prospective interlocutor; limited time-and-space composition; cinematic type of dynamic narrative; motifs of road and accidental encounter; antithesis underlying the basic themes embedded in the plot structure; abundance of precedent and toponymic names and artistic details; diversity of linguistic means used to organize the narration and describe the inner world of the protagonist.

The article introduces conceptual signs of the concept husband (muzh) on the basis of eight Russian explanatory dictionaries: 1) S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language; 2) V. I. Dal’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Vernacular; 3) D. N. Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language; 4) Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language; 5) Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. V. Dmitriev; 6) T. F. Efremova’s Interpretative and Derivational New Dictionary of the Russian Language; 7) S. A. Kuznetsov Great Dictionary of the Russian Language; 8) L. G. Babenko’s Big Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Nouns. The author analyzed the relevant vocabulary entries of the words representing the concept and described the selected conceptual signs with examples from the language material. Examples were taken from the National Corpora of the Russian Language (www.ruscorpora.ru). The research owes its scientific novelty to the fact that domestic and foreign linguistics has never featured the concept in question. The author appealed to the Russian linguistic culture from the perspective of the conceptual sphere of the family, marriage, and kinship. The research revealed 26 conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept: a spouse, a head of the family responsible for bringing the groceries from town to the country cottage where the family dwells, a mature (person), a scientist, a public figure / statesman, a person, male gender, a master, a worthy (person), valiant, courageous / bold / brave, physically strong / mighty, patient, sane, persistent, calm, decisive, hardworking, commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant, a family man, a man (uneducated / ill-bred / rude / ignoramus / ignorant), a breadwinner. The following conceptual signs were represented by material from XVIII–XIX centuries: a public figure / statesman, a commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant. All the conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept were concentrated in several aspects: family status and family responsibilities, anthropological and physiological characteristics, mental abilities, social status, moral qualities, and character traits.

The article proposes a comprehensive methodology approach to terminological systems. The methodology involves several stages. The first one involves a semantic analysis. Then follows a structural model of the terminology in question based on the logical connections between objects and processes of a certain special field and their reflection in the professional language. Finally, the researcher discloses the pragmatic potential of terminology units and demonstrates their role in determining the position of the terminological system in the scientific view of the world. The research objective was to describe and apply this approach to the analysis of the terminology of photonic crystals. The study featured the terminology of photonic crystals. The terms were selected from several scientific books. The author employed the following methods: the method of semantic analysis, a cognitive approach to describing the structure of the terminology, and contextual analysis. The author revealed a close relationship between the internal form of the term and the sign. Understanding the internal form of the term makes it possible to determine the place of the term in the terminology, which guarantees it correct interpretation and use. The article introduces a convolved model of the terminological structure of photonic crystals and explains how the terms are organized within the terminological system and how the terminological system can be embedded in the scientific view of the world. The author highlighted the role of general terms in integrating terminological systems into the scientific view of the world and in the relationship between different terminological systems. The most accurate definition of the boundaries of the terminology is possible only in the context where the term can fully exercise its meaning.

The research objective was to study the negative emotional background as a component of the linguistic world image in "One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest" by Ken Kesey. The research featured the lexical means that make up the emotional background of the novel. The author used field method and the method of vocabulary definitions, as well as componential, linguistic, and contextual analyses. The field method and the componential analysis helped to structure the linguistic world image of the work according to invariant lexical meanings. "Negative emotion" appeared to be the archiseme of the text. The nuclear elements of the linguistic world image were formed with the vocabulary of emotions. They were united into three groups: fear, rage, and hate. The peripheral elements were represented by emotional vocabulary. They displayed ways of expressing and perceiving emotions, as well as mental and emotional conditions. The characters of Nurse Ratched, Randle McMurphy, patients, and asylum personnel were the denotative universals of the novel. Methods of vocabulary definitions, linguistic comparison, and contextual analysis revealed the meaning structure of the lexical units and specific features of the emotional background. The linguistic reality created by K. Kesey proved to be based on antithesis. Emotive text elements did not merely express the archiseme "negative emotion" but could also be united into groups with opposite semantic features, which made the text more vivid and emotional. The research results can be used in professional linguistic studies and university courses.

The paper deals with modern aspects of terminology in film industry. The paper aims at the study of the linguistic and extralinguistic levels of film terminology in the professional dialect of filmmakers and general strata of the language. The broader context of the film discourse viewed as a complex communicative issue requires simplified understanding among professionals, as well as during interaction between filmmakers and cinephiles. The author believes that there are two sources of film neologisms, connected with the appearance of new artifacts and adaptation of cinema terms in the interpretative discourse. The method of continuous sampling from modern cinema magazines provided a copious terminological material, which was afterwards studied by means of stylistic, word-building, and axiological analysis. The material demonstrated that modern film industry uses several ways of terminologisation, thus diminishing the distance to the general spoken language. They include simplification, abbreviation, imagery, string terms, holophrasis, blending, and rhymed terminological units. The new means of terminological innovation revealed a trend to conserve the term’s meaning while rendering the term with the additional meaningful or image element, which would facilitate its comprehension in intense communication. The means of terminological innovation were aimed at increasing simplicity, aesthetism, beautification, and irony, as well as invigorating dead imagery, expressing a new concept, and creating euphemisation. The determinologisation of the semantic sphere of cinema was supported by multiple examples and revealed great public and scientific interest to this sphere, indicating continuous productive innovational processes in cinema terminology.

The article focuses on the English pronoun and its ability to substitute its counterpart by this or that opposition. In linguistics, this phenomenon is referred to as oppositional reduction or oppositional substitution. Oppositional reduction is well-research in the systems of noun and verb; however, it has but only cursory mentions in regard of the pronoun. It is this circumstance that encouraged the author to focus on the problem. Grounding his speculations by M. J. Blokh’s ideas, the author dwells on several language phenomena that promote reduction in the oppositions within the categories of number, gender, and case, as well as various oppositions of the English pronoun. The research objective was to structure the available information on the problem, as well as to identify varieties of oppositional reduction in the system of the English pronoun. The article contains historical reference, the main provisions of the fundamental theory, and the scientific experience in solving various issues of oppositional reduction. The author dwells on research material and methods, focusing on the contextual analysis. The paper classified oppositional reduction, illustrating each type by examples from written sources of various genres.

The present research featured a functional comparative analysis of egocentric language units in contemporary Russian translated narratives, namely six Russian translations of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The study was based on parallel corpora within the Russian National Corpus and a set of digitized translations. The research objective was to present the classification of egocentric units applicable to the analysis of translations, as well as to describe the ways of combining various linguistic methods of studying egocentrics in translated narratives. Egocentric units were studied within several semantic clusters: actualizing (deictic), evaluative, epistemic, modal, and interactive. Using the heuristic method, the authors found and counted the contexts containing egocentric units of a certain type within the parallel corpora. The inductive method made it possible to reveal the trends based on the data obtained. The hypotheses were verified using the deductive method. The research was based on wide narrative contexts and took into the account the writing style, the genre and composition of the text, the use of egocentrics in the target language, and the individual translation strategies. The paper focuses on the lexical markers of uncertainty added by the Russian translators of Mark Twain. They are often used as additional markers of focalization in Russian translations. On the one hand, this phenomenon deals with specific ways of foregrounding subjectivity in the Russian language; on the other hand, it reveals the strategies of building-up suspense applied by individual translators.

The research featured the effect of household problems of hunters in the Chita region on the fur trade in Soviet Russia. It focused on their everyday life during the hunting season: supply chain, hunting and taiga infrastructure, shared camp property, specialized equipment and food, etc. The study was based on archival sources, reports of hunting expeditions, and memories of hunters. The author defined two stages of organizational and technical arrangement of hunting life in the conditions of the mountain taiga. The first stage lasted from 1930s to early 1950s. The woodlands were socialized, and individual form of exploitation of fishing grounds replaced the group one, which inevitably complicated the organizational and technical issues. The supply system worked intermittently, and no one was in charge of the land development. As a result, the quantitative indicators were low. During the second stage (1950s – early 1990s), the local hunting management improved radically. The hunting areas were officially distributed among collective farms and hunting teams. The newly established chain “procurement – farm – hunter” improved both the living conditions of the hunting population and increased the amount of furs and skins.

The present research featured the trends of private trade in the Irkutsk province. The study was based on historical documents from the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region. The paper focuses on 1924–1926 as the period of active trade development. The authors analyzed the problems of private trade functioning and their impact on the socio-economic situation in the region. The article describes the market activity and product range, the role and importance of entrepreneurship in commodity deficit relief and re-establishing of market relations. The research revealed a rapid development of private trade at the initial stage and a further reduction of this segment of economy as a result of the policy aimed at expanding the public sector. Subsequently, small private business moved into rural areas, and the retail network reduced. The authors believe that the development of private trade in this period was contradictory and unstable. In the Irkutsk province, there was a significant gap between prices and incomes, as well as between the cost of industrial and agricultural goods. As a result, the state trade activities were inefficient, and the private entrepreneurship needed support. However, the centralization of economic policy and the rigidity of management positions did not allow these trends to develop, which negatively affected the economy of the region as a whole.

Mariinsk forest-steppe boasts the biggest concentration of archaeological artifacts in Kuzbass. It is in this region that the first systematic field works were organized by Kemerovo archaeologists in 1950s. Previously, the ancient past of Mariinsk forest-steppe had remained a total mystery, unlike the well-explored border territories of High Ob area and Minusinsk hollow. The present article sums up all official and unpublished data on the archaeological artifacts found in North-Eastern Kuzbass in XIX century. The author links the works by I. P. Aspelin, D. A. Klements, I. P. Kuznetsov (Krasnoyarskiy), and F. R. Martin to the history of archaeological research of Mariinsk forest-steppe. The paper introduces some previously unknown archive materials that prove the interest of the local population to the ancient sites. It also describes the first ideas about the local archeology that shaped in the late XIX century. The study focuses on G. O. Ossovski who was the first to conduct an archaeological exploration and excavation in Mariinsk forest-steppe in 1895–1896, while the mining engineer P. K. Yavorovsky was the first to put value on the historical and geographical role that the region had in ancient times.

From the very beginning of Novosibirsk (pre-revolutionary Novonikolaevsk), the ribbon of the Ob River pine forest began to dwindle as a result of man-induced activity, e.g. logging, wood clearing, construction of dugouts and houses, etc. The small rivers that flew through the forest were used for quarries and water mills. As a result, the intensive industrial development disturbed the terrain and provoked revinement. Subsequently, the abandoned intracity park zones of the relict forest were transformed into residential, business, and industrial areas, such as Alhambra, Mikhailovsky Grove, etc. The quality of the forest stand during the period of industrialization was affected by the technogenic load from industrial enterprises that had no sewage treatment plants. An ill-conceived green policy led to the loss of the environment-forming function of the Novosibirsk pine forest, because only small areas of it remained within the city boundaries. The once green banks of small rivers that flew into the Ob preserved the last remains of the pine forest. However, they were destroyed, as the rivers were placed in underground pipelines, the ravines were washed away, and infill construction flourished. At the moment, the remaining green areas fail to perform the main function of urban forests: they neither reduce the negative environmental load, nor reproduce themselves. In addition, they make poor recreational areas. The remaining relic pine forest and other green areas continue to experience both direct and indirect negative impact, e.g. deforestation, air and water pollution, etc. The largest preserved site of the Ob River pine forest is the Zaeltsovsky public park. Located to the north of the Yeltsovka-2 (Bolshoi) River, it has been used for summer cottages, recreation, and foraging mushrooms and berries since the XIX century. The article gives a historical retrospective of the reduction in the area of the Ob River pine forest and its causes. It also describes the Comfortable Urban Environment project aimed at preserving green areas and pine forests.

The research featured the authentic composition on a IX–XX century plaque found near the Konda River. The article focuses on some ambiguous details of the image. For instance, the decoration of the female figure’s clothing is made up of several zones. Its motifs include scales and dots, which are known to represent animal hair in metalwork and ceramics. In general, the image revealed a certain parallelism in the ornamentation of human clothing, animal hair, and bird plumage. The author established a clear correlation between the zoning and motifs of the female dress and the stylized plumage of ornithomorphic creatures in Oriental toreutics. Therefore, the clothes the male character is trying to take off the woman may symbolize avian plumage. The author interpreted the plot depicted on the Konda plaque as the motif of stealing the avian gown of the peri, a mythical creature of medieval Asian folklore. According to legends, the hero had to steal peri’s clothes to marry her. Thus, the image of peri, which was popular in verbal folklore, proved to be quite common in visual art as well, in particular, in early Islamic art.

The article introduces materials of the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture from the site in the Itkul microdistrict located in the forest-steppe Altai. It gives a detailed description of the site and its excavation. The site covered an area of 320 m². The excavation revealed a semi-dugout with a pit area of 25 m² and a corridor-type exit, a household building, and other structures. The author focuses on the moat and earthwork line and made a cultural and chronological interpretation of the complex based on ceramic and shell plate. The monument dates back to the late III – first half of the IV century and belongs to the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture. The article contains previously unpublished photos of all the artifacts, except plain pottery. The introduction of the presented complex into scientific circulation improves the source base of ancient history studies of the forest-steppe Altai in the first half of the 1st millennium. The complex contains artifacts unpolluted with any culturally similar and chronologically close artifacts, which means that it can help identify the Fominsky stage and their cultural-markers. The matter is important not only for the archaeology of the forest-steppe Altai, but also for the neighboring territories with culturally and chronologically similar complexes in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Regions.

The research was based on previously unpublished financial documents of the Solikamsk and Kungursk provincial archives. The research featured income from fishing lease in the Kama River Area in 1720-1780. The geographic features of the region determined the distribution of fishing areas. The role of provincial offices (voivodships) in collecting fishing leases in this territory is new to historiography, as well as the issue of the fishing quota and the lease volume. The author made an attempt to estimate the size of revenues from the fishing industry for the population of the Kama region in the XVIII century. The low fees revealed that the fish lease played a minor role in the general structure of tax revenues. The study of various financial documents made it possible to describe the local fishing industry, the amount of fishing fees, and the social structure of leasers, who were free peasants and factory workers. As a rule, the rent hardly changed during the period and rarely exceeded 1 ruble for a fishing area per year.

The present article introduces a collection of prehistoric material culture finds obtained at the Karasor-2 site during a stationary study of the Karasor archaeological site in 1998. A group of Karasor monuments is located near the town of Lisakovsk in the Upper Tobol river valley, which is in the northern Turgai depression. The territory of the Turgai depression connects the West Siberian and Turan plains. The Turgai depression borders on the Trans-Ural Plateau in the west and on the Kazakh hillocky area and the spur of the Ulutau mountains in the east. The local nature and geography destroy the cultural layer on the monuments. Thus, the finds represented by fragments of ceramics and stone products at the Karasor-2 site were collected from the surface, as the cultural layer had been destroyed. The article gives descriptive characteristics of the ceramics, while the stone tools were studied with the technical and typological method. Since the ceramic fragments are too small, the dating and cultural affiliation of the artifacts was based on the results of the technical and typological analysis of the stone tools. Most likely, the stone finds date back to the Mesolithic and Late Eneolithic periods. Most tools are similar to the stone industry of the Tersek culture and belong to the Eneolithic Age. The author believes that the time range of the stone tools and ceramics is from the Late Mesolithic to the Bronze Age.

The article introduces some information about the expeditionary studies on the archaeological sites located on the banks of the Middle Kiya River valley. The authors believe that the Kiya is one of the main rivers for such important historical and cultural area of South Siberia as the Kiya – Chulym interfluve. The expeditionary studies have been conducted here since the late XIX century; however, professional archaeological studies began as late as in the 1950s. The paper describes the excavations conducted by A. I. Martynov, G. S. Martynova, I. I. Baukhnik, A. M. Kilemzin, A. V. Tsirkin, A. P. Okladnikov, V. I. Molodin, V. V. Bobrov, A. S. Vasyutin, V. N. Zharonkin, P. V. German, A. V. Fribus, and P. G. Sokolov. It focuses on the carefully planned excavations conducted on the banks of the middle forest-steppe part of the Kiya River valley. Seven expeditions discovered eighty previously unknown archaeological sites. While performing the historiographic mapping of archaeological sites, the authors took into account the type of artifact and the type of archaeological study. The authors analyzed the localization of the archeological sites near the villages of Shestakovo and Chumay and the city of Mariinsk published by A. M. Kulemzin and I. I. Baukhnik and compared them with the results of the mapping. They defined the territory as a single Middle-Kiya archaeological microdistrict that includes the archaeological complexes of Shestakovo, Chumay, and Archekas (Mariinsk). The article also includes some preliminary ideas about the types of archaeological studies, as well as typological and chronological description of the monuments.

The paper presents intermediate results of a comparative analysis of land reforms conducted on the cusps of XIX– XX and XX–XXI centuries. It focuses on their medium- and long-term impact on the native territories of Russia’s southern frontier. The article describes the correlation of state and ethnic interests in land management and formation of the private land institute. The research owes its relevance to the problems of the system of regional ethnological monitoring, as well as that of the effect of the national and agricultural state policy on the scientific forecasting of the changes in the ethno-social situation. The corruption-based principle of social stratification was initially incorporated in the mechanism of land market formation proposed by the state. In ethnic regions, the reorganization of land ownership triggered a secondary process of ethnic stratification. As a result, allocated shares concentrated in the hands of ethnic nobility families, thus shaping a social stratum during the Soviet period. The research was a pilot study of the natural resource management systems used by ethnic and migrant communities in the southern frontier and social policy of the late XIX – early XXI centuries. The author concludes that the Russian government retained levers of direct influence on the processes of: a) administrative and territorial structure; b) settlement system and population structure, including ethnic; c) social strata of land owners; d) traditional land use systems and subsistence of rural enclave transformation. This trend made it possible to consider the history of Russian state land policy in the context of the general course of national policy, which is part of interdisciplinary research that unites history, ethnology, politics, sociology, and economics.

The article features the problem of residential development that migrant workers had to face in the mining districts of the Kuznetsk Basin during the first five-year plan. The author identified the causes of the housing crisis in the early 1930s that forced many independent miners to abandon mining enterprises. The paper describes the agenda taken by the central government authorities of Donbass and Kuzbass in order to provide miners with housing. It focuses on the types of housing in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin according to the method of production and building patterns, including communal houses. Prefabricated standard wooden constructions made it possible to build a lot of houses in a relatively short period of time. The main mistakes included a poor material base, limited workforce, and a shortage of building materials. As a result, the initial construction program was never fulfilled. The research focused on the residential development of the coal mining town of Prokopyevsk, its types of dwellings, the number of citizens involved in mining provided with state-owned housing, and the average housing space per capita. Thanks to the housing commissioned, the housing stock was significantly increased in the coal industry in general, and, more particularly, in the Kuzbassugol coal mining trust. The extensive residential development was not aimed at improving the living conditions of miners and their families but at binding migrants to their mines in order to meet the coal-mining program of the first five-year plans.

The research featured the contribution of prominent mining engineers to the development of the coal industry of the USSR and Russia. The research objective was to identify innovative results of the outstanding Soviet mining engineers and their influence on the intensification of all processes associated with coal mining. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of modernization. The authors compared scientific, technical, and socio-economic processes at different stages of development of the coal industry. Comparative-historical and problem-chronological research methods helped to reveal the causes and features of the competitive potential of Soviet world-class mining engineers, as well as to identify the origins of the crisis in mining science. The study contributed to a better understanding of the prominent mining engineer phenomenon, revealed its origins, and defined the most important contributions to the development of the coal industry of the USSR and Russia. The research will be of interest for historians of domestic coal industry. It is also valuable experience in formulating the development strategy of the fuel and energy complex. Intensive factors prevailed over extensive ones in the development of the USSR coal industry before the turn of the 1970s–1980s. This was made possible thanks to the intellectual and innovative contribution of prominent mining engineers to the development of fundamental and applied mining knowledge.

The present research featured a comparative analysis of 1) Japanese sources dating the early Yamato period about the religious and political transformations that happened under Emperor Mimaki, also known under the posthumous honourable name of Sūjin (324–331 CE) and 2) archaeological data on the solar cult of the Miwa dynasty. The reforms followed the period of disintegration and disasters known as "the period of eight rulers" and the reunion of the Yamato state under Emperor Mimaki. Archaeological evidence shows that various solar cults existed as early as the turn of the III–IV centuries. The ruler was supposed to manage agricultural works, which required knowledge of the solar year cycle and astronomical observations. In that period, Japan probably relied on Chinese calendar system. Emperor Jimmu’s clan saw solar deity Takami-musubi as their patron, with a shamanic priestess as the head of the cult. In addition, the local political leaders of the Yamato region also exercised various forms of solar cults associated with the sacred Mount Miwa, which is surrounded with six ancient mounds dated the early Yamato period and belonging to Emperor Sūjin and his relatives. The supreme priestesses of Yamato were replaced by male rulers during the reign of Mimaki in the late III – early IV centuries. The ruler assumed the priory functions and conducted religious rites celebrating the divine patron of his state.