The article is based on the structural-functional, comparative research methods and critical analysis of sources on the post-Soviet period in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter – ROC), including data reference and information materials, public Internet resources. The author analyzes traditions, continuity and the realization of social policy in the Kuzbass archdiocese at the modern ROC stage. Using the example of Kuzbass archdiocese the author identifies the ROC units responsible for social work, and the main types of social assistance to the church. The conclusion is made that within the period of 1990s-the beginning of XXI century Russian Orthodox Church, with the support of the state, created a major conceptual, legal and organizational base of its social policy, for its implementation involving Orthodox public organizations and associations. Of great importance was the fact that the Church concentrated its efforts on solving social problems, which the state and public organizations could not solve effectively. Therefore, the ROC is hardly criticized for the use of social activities as a mechanism to achieve its main goal – to spread creed. Analysis of the social activities of the Church in the Archdiocese of Kuzbass allowed the author to make a prediction about the promising directions of development of social work in the region.

The article represents the experience of distinguishing and reconstruction of the views of scientists and travelers of the XVIII century on the formation of the Russian border in the Upper Ob-Irtysh area. The emergence of the historical and geographical images is considered as a direct consequence of the lack of delimited and demarcated border between the Russian Empire and the Dzungar Khanate, and then the Qing Empire. The source basis of the publication is composed by writings of significant for the history of region scientific figures: G. F. Miller, G. V. Gennin, I. P. Falk, P. S. Pallas. The study was methodologically grounded by the "close up" method. Research statements are analyzed in detail in the context of the scientists’ targets, attracted sources and circumstances of the implementation of the expeditions. The author identifies the ideologies with predominance of archetypal ideas, pays special attention to P. S. Pallas’s concept of "natural border" and his observations on the mode of functioning of the state borders, finally coming to the conclusion about fragmentariness, eclecticism and multivariatness of historical and geographical images of the Russian border.

The article discusses the activities of the militia of the Kemerovo Region for combating desertion from production and front in 1943 – 1945 with particular attention to the causes of the desertion from the industrial enterprises of the region in wartime. The article reflects the interaction of the Soviet and party bodies with police structures in addressing the problem of desertion, for the adoption of measures related to timely identification of persons who escaped from enterprises and front. The social danger of the phenomenon is represented in terms of complication of a criminogenic situation in the region. The article presents the regulatory framework, in accordance with which the prosecution of deserters from production and front was carried out, and shows the essence of the applied punishment. Some statistics on types of crimes committed by these categories of people are given. In preparing this study we used: the normative-legal acts, documents of the several funds of the State archive of Kemerovo Region (GAKO), a number of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Biysk, being the second town of Altai of its size, attracted many scientists and travelers. They created colorful and unforgettable images of the town in the XIX – the beginning of XX century. 14 descriptions produced by 12 authors in 1810 – 1917 were analyzed to establish if the image corresponded with reality. There were rather different descriptions ranging from official geographical reviews to emotional lines of travel diaries. A comparative analysis allowed us to conclude that those images of Biysk were real in their description of dirty streets adjoining beautiful churches and comfortable fashionable hotels. Still, subjective factor influenced to the images of Biysk as well. Readers in the XIX century could trace all changes of the life of the town – from a fortress on the boarder to a small trade town (where inhabitants hadn’t got even a sundial) and then to the important economic and cultural center of the region – “the window to Europe” for Mongolia”. The image of the town gradually changed from negative to neutral and positive. It was determined by real economic and cultural development of Biysk. The result of this exploration allows one to define the way a Russian regional town was represented in informational area of the country in XIX – the beginning of XX century.

The campaigns of Tomsk service people F. Pushchin and P. Sabansky to the river Biya and Teletskoe Lake are well known to Siberian historians. The historiography of these campaigns is poor and limited to the works of G. F. Miller, I. E. Fisher and A. P. Umansky. The source base these researchers relied on is poor as well. Until recently it was limited to the four documents of the "Tomsk archives", three of which were published by A. I. Andreev in the annex to the "History of Siberia" by G. F. Miller. Until recently the interpretation of these campaigns by I. Fisher and A. P. Umansky were beyond doubt. However, a comparative analysis of the documents, which the researchers used to describe the campaigns of F. Pushchin and P. Sabansky, showed their contradictions and incorrect dating, also the reasons for these campaigns were unknown. In the collection of the Siberian order of The Russian State Archives Ancient Acts we discovered a statement about the campaign of P. Sabansky on Teletskoe Lake which settles these differences and makes it possible to set the exact time, the causes and the sequence of the campaigns.

The article is devoted to the history of elaboration, adoption and implementation of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan in the context of the Soviet-Turkish Relations. The authors observe these two key US external policy’s initiatives of the beginning of the Cold War for the analysis of the influence of geopolitical confrontation between the superpowers on the state of relations between Moscow and Ankara. The economic aid programs were significant leverages of the US influence on shaping the postwar system of international relations, which impacted decisively on the Turkish postwar foreign policy, especially toward the USSR, and predetermined to a large extent its further policy in the Cold War. The current article considers the reasons for rapprochement between the US and Turkey stands on the relations with the USSR, analyses the process of elaboration and adoption of aid plans for Turkey and the outcomes of their implementation. The article explores the origins of the US-Turkey cooperation based on sharing the common stance on confronting Moscow and can be used as a source of information on the Russian-Turkish relations problem in historical context.

The article is a contribution to studying the gap between the upper and the lower estates of the Russian society at the early XX century. In particular, peasants' perception of law is taken as the subject of the investigation. One of the striking examples of conflicts between peasant migrants an old settlers in the course of the famous "Stolypin's migration" to Siberia provides ground for this research. The authors aim at detecting peasants' readiness to defend their interests using legal loopholes to circumvent legal barriers. Documents from a file of the governor's office (gubernskoye upravlenie) of State archive of the Tomsk region let us have an all-round impression of the case as far as they represent views of the both struggling sides (migrants and old settlers), opinion of the local authority (krestyansky nachalnik) and the motivated decision of the governor's office. Compared to the legislation and to the other similar cases, these documents allow us to make out the hidden motive (old residents' wish to keep their plough-land) for the formal subject of the struggle (rent payment for the right to live in the village cottages). The facts discovered by the authors prove that the struggle over cottages was only a legally competent form for the struggle over plough-land. The result obtained corrects the currently understated evaluation of the Russian emancipated peasants' readiness to maintain their interests by legally competent methods.

The article is based on the comparative analysis of regulatory and administrative documents, record keeping and information and reference materials, periodicals and Internet resources. The author identifies the causes, determines the performance, features and results of the process of changing the size and characteristics of the Episcopal body of Russian Orthodox Church dioceses in the south of Western Siberia at the beginning of the XXI century. The process in question was directly related to the reform of "splitting" the dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2011 – 2015. It proceeded in line with national trends, but had a number of negative consequences for the dioceses of the region due to the fact that they being "young" had a less developed organizational and management structure, material and economic basis compared with the dioceses of the European part of Russia. The reform, which has a positive deferred effect on the ROC, at the target stage, led to an increase in the number of dioceses and ruling bishops from 5 to 18, to the rejuvenation of the Episcopal body while reducing the level of theological education, management experience and monastic life. Based on the analysis of the reform the author presupposes what impact the results will have on strengthening the management and development of the organizational structure of the ROC administrative-territorial units in the south of Western Siberia.

The article analyzes the relationship of the Soviet regime with the engineering, technical and managerial personnel on the example of one of the largest enterprises of the USSR. The article features the main stages of the criminal persecution of experts in Kuzbass, starting with the "Shakhty trial" in 1928, as well as the overall scale of repression of the managing staff of the coal industry during the Great Terror. The author notes the close relationship of the Soviet (Bolshevik) model of economic development with the use of mass reprisals against staff. The article highlights the fact that, lacking the necessary expertise and managerial knowledge, Soviet authorities systematically resorted to terror as a means of overcoming the economic chaos and difficulties encountered. In addition, the assessment of political behavior of some of the regional leaders connected with the terror campaign is given. The article presents new historical data about their tragic fate. It draws conclusions about the need to expand the source base for a deeper study of repressions at Kuzbass enterprises.

The social history of the Wars of the Roses is still relevant, as the extent of its social influence remains a matter of debate. Determination of the personal composition of participants of the most important events of the conflict will help in solving this problem. A prosopography method provides the good opportunity to determine the involvement of representatives of different social strata. The study subject is a group of 49 people who took part in the battle of Northampton and the siege of London Tower in 1460, on the side of both Lancaster and York. The greatest part of them was lords, which is connected with the nature of the sources: chronicles is usually mentioned only the names of the commanders. At the same time, the main peculiarity of the battle was the presence of a large number of Church prelates. The reason for this was the support of the Yorkists by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Bourchier, and the papal legate Francesco Coppini. There are only nine names of the knights who participated in the battle and the siege in the chronicles, although the representatives of the gentry were middle and lower officers. The research has shown that family and personal connections played a decisive role in the choice of the parties to the conflict. The majority of the participants, their brothers and sons, as a rule, remained faithful to one particular dynasty, which does not allow one to estimate the age of the Wars of the Roses as the time of breaking the traditional system of relations.

The paper characterizes the process of creation of medical infrastructure and first aid system to immigrant and indigenous people in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century by the imperial authorities. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the medical condition in the second half of the XIX – early the XX century in Turkistan, types and amount of medical care, which was provided to the indigenous population of the region, by studying biographical and source materials. The paper draws attention to the fact that initial medical assistance to the immigrant population and then the indigenous dwellers of the region were provided by surgeons who settled mainly in Tashkent and the major cities of Turkestan. I. P. Sheverdin was one of the first surgeons who founded the rural hospital in remote place of Tashkent district – village Tillyau in 1899 – 1903, whose asceticism and dedication the inhabitants of this village still remember. It is shown that medical services in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the pre-revolutionary period developed slowly, which corresponds to the first stage of initiation of the indigenous population of the region to the modern achievements of medicine.

The article discusses the importance of the textile equipment as one
of the components in the system of organization of power in Russia. Items selected for examination are related to the participation of the horse, as one of the most mythologized of animals in Russian culture, in the sacred environment. In this context, we considered textile horse trappings in general, with an accent on the most important items of the tsar's ritual sphere, filled with allegorical symbolism. These are authentic objects of applied art from the collections of Russian museums, which are interpreted by the inventory and historical narrative. Special attention is given to the equipment belonging to personal horses of Russian monarchs from Ivan the Terrible to Paul I. We investigate in detail all textile components of the ceremonial furnishings of the royal horse. We partially studied heraldic and funeral horsecloth. Summing up the results, textile horsecloth, with all its diversity in different historical periods, serves the formation of the image of a powerful monarch in the first place.

The article investigates the design and the purpose of the Upper chamber of the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu. The author proves that the Upper chamber was a false tomb of the Pharaoh. The chamber served as bait for thieves and was designed to kill them with carbon dioxide in the confined space. Repetitive "reconstructions" of the chamber were performed to reduce the volume of air suitable for breathing. The portcullis, when triggered, ensured the airtightness of the chamber. The article establishes the connection between the ways of the portcullis conjugation in the Sneferu Pyramid and a modern labyrinth seal. A new version of the purpose and the motive for construction of the connecting tunnel between the upper and lower tiers of the premises is offered. It is proved that the top tier consisting of the chamber, the wells and the portcullis represent a cunning trap. The article concludes that a new kind of a human trap was invented in Egypt and successfully implemented in the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu.

The article features problems of modernization of Russian education and proposed solutions to problems and offers solutions. It offers possible direction of education system development and analysis of existing methodological approaches to the concept of "universal competence". It focuses on the concept of "competence" and "universal competence" in the system of modern education. The technology of formation of universal competencies through educational activities is described, together with experience in the implementation of educational activities in higher education institutions aimed at competence approach. The article features generalized theoretical and empirical experience of higher education institutions to allocate a system of universal competence. We outline a set of core universal competencies required for successful professional and personal fulfillment of a specialist in the humanities, including Department of Psychology graduates. The basic components of the system of universal competence include personal characteristics and the ability to implement the acquired skills, knowledge and experience. The article offers a number of types of educational activities, in which universal competence can be formed. It was found that in the framework of the educational work at the university it is necessary to form the universal competence of the student, not only through training activities, but also through a system of different activities throughout the training period.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of ordinary consciousness as a category, whose largely contradictory and paradoxical nature evokes interest. It describes the main approaches to the study of ordinary consciousness and views on its nature in philosophical and psychological concepts. The article analyzes the ratio of ordinary consciousness with the related concepts of "mass consciousness", "common psychology", "group consciousness", "social consciousness". It describes the relationship of ordinary consciousness with culture and its place in the life of an individual as a cultural component, an inherent trait of any historical type of consciousness. The conclusion is that ordinary consciousness acts as an intermediary between the subject and the environment in which it is located, as well as between the individual and society. In addition to this, ordinary consciousness has not only a reflective function, but also acts as a regulator of social and particularly group behavior.

The article features the problem of the study of body image among women in different age periods; it gives characteristic of level and structural differences between the groups of women in their early and middle adulthood. It is theoretically proved that the body image is largely determined by beliefs, perceptions about oneself and one’s “I” than by actual physical reality. The article establishes age variability of body image in women during early and middle adulthood. It was determined that women in their early adulthood assess their body more according to external evaluations.

The article presents the results of the changes in the indices of physical
and psychophysiological development of children at the age of 7 – 12 years old with regard to gender. It estimates a significant increase in the length, girth and body weight in children surveyed in the period of second childhood and early adolescence, and an increase in thickness of skin-folds of fat were found only in the period of second of childhood. The greatest development of the properties of nerve processes and mental functions were observed in the second period of childhood, and with the onset of puberty a decline in psychophysiological development was noted.

The article investigates the perceptions orphaned teenagers hold
about the family and the role and responsibilities of spouses and parents in the family. It was found that orphans’ presentation about the role of spouses and parents are contradictory, distorted, not optimistic and insufficiently differentiated. Teenagers do not see the need for children to discuss their problems with their parents, but they believe that the main function of parents is to educate children. In their opinion, it is the children who unite and strengthen the family, but most teens would like to have one child, or do not plan to have children at all. According to the teenagers, a spouse does not dominate in the relationship, seeking compromise, but at the same orphans not expect full feedback, warmth, kindness and support from a spouse.

The article features a study of psychophysiological, social- psychological characteristics and coping strategies of middle school pupils with the aim to research their psychosocial and physiological adaptation, the level of stress resistance, motivational and behavioral characteristics. 90 pupils of 5th and 8th grades were studied. The article analyzes the complex neurodynamic and psychodynamic indicators of social and psychological adaptation-maladjustment, the functional state of the autonomic regulation of the heart rate features. It has been shown that a significant role in the formation of adaptive possibilities of students is determined by a combination of age and gender characteristics of personality, of neurodynamic and psychovegetative parameters. It was found that the structure of the functional system, which reflects the relationship of psycho-physiological and social-psychological characteristics, indicates the need for more profound identification of indicators of individual autonomic reactivity and psychovegetative provision of adaptive responses in adolescent students in school environment.

The article deals with the problem of tolerance in the aspect of its substantial features in the Russian students. The student's period is a further development of the individual in the direction of expansion of representations about social competence, development of social interaction culture, respect for different social groups. The character of the empirically identified intergroup similarity is determined by the age-specific features of studentship as a youth group, a crucial age of the tasks associated with interpersonal and intergenerational communication, political apathy, lack of interest in the field of ethno-cultural social reality. It is shown that tolerance as respect, acceptance and appreciation of other cultures, ways of expression and manifestation of the human personality of the students is fully formed. It is revealed that in the structure of tolerance of students ethical, cognitive, affective components predominate, the least represented components being conative, need-motivation, active, stylistic, identificational and group ones. It was found out that content of tolerance is characterized by regional specificity as environmental factor.

The analysis of children’s preparedness for studying at school indicates the problems in preschool training organization. In spite of numerous investigations the effectiveness of different preschool children training forms is not discovered yet. On the basis of teaching experts’ experience and present preschool training programmes the conception of preschool training was developed by the authors’ group which included L. S. Kolmogorova, L. A. Nikitina, L. I. Shvarko, O. I. Davydova, O. R. Meremyanina. On the basis of this conception the programme “My World” oriented on preschool training of children aged from 5,5 – 6 was developed. Since the aim was to balance the starting opportunities for children from different social levels, it became necessary to check the effectiveness of the educational-methodical complete set “My World”. To solve this problem the experimental investigation was held in 2011 – 2016 on the basis of the groups for pre-school training of Barnaul and Novosibirsk schools and Children’s Educational Institutions. In the investigation theoretical (the analysis of the bibliography) and empirical (the testing, question-and-answer discussion, investigation of the activity) methods were used. The results of the experimental investigation show the increase of the children’s preparedness for school. This confirms the effectiveness of the preschool training programme “My world” during the activity of the elder pre-school children.

The article features current problems of development of the axiological attitude to themselves and their peers in orphanage and comprehensive school pupils of primary school age. The possibilities of the development of the axiological attitude to themselves and their peers among orphans in specially-organized conditions are studied. The article summarizes the results of an experimental study of the dynamics of the valuable relation to themselves and their peers in the implementation of correctional and development program "Live in peace with each other and friends". Valuable relation to themselves and their peers was measured by the test method Rene Gilles and "incomplete sentences", which used a modified processing of the results. The paper draws conclusions about a low level of development of the axiological attitude to peers in orphans, as well as about the effectiveness of the implementation of correctional and development programs in orphanages in terms of the development of value-semantic sphere of the person. The results of experimental studies can be useful to teachers, psychologists, social workers, primary school teachers

The article is addressed to the poetics of costume in Chekhov's prose. This aspect of prose has not been studied and gives material for research, which adds relevance to the article. The author shows how in anecdotal plots the costume is represented as a characterological ("Once a year"), "metaphysical" ("The Station") and psychologically stressed detail ("Man"). Dynamics of the costume is indicated by a change in its semantics and functions. The romantic shawl in "The disgraceful story (something like a novel)" encompasses a coiled story about the peril of a "bookish" concept of life. The metamorphoses of the characters changing their clothes turn an archetypal plot upside down ("Living Goods"). Intertextuality item allows you to turn the story into a parody ("Green Spit"). In Chekhov's later prose a complication of costume features can be observed: in the novel "My Life" the costume, while existing in a tangle complex of the visual, the acoustic, the tactile and the olfactory, traces the story in the interplay of text overtones.

The subject of the article is the specificity of metalinguistic reflection in children's speech. The article analyzes the linguocreativе nature of children's questions, particularly broadcasting the image of the world of the child and the nature of the processing of linguistic information in the light of cognitions formed. Metalinguistic reflection is characterized as one of the naturally evolving strategies of language acquisition in ontogeny, showing the analytical instinct and cognitive activity of the child. The purpose of the research is to identify unique children's innovations related to the reflection of their form and content, in terms of the associative and functional content. The main method is discourse analysis of metalinguistic statements recorded in the spontaneous speech of children in the form of a question. Particular emphasis is laid upon the interdependence of compensatory and deliberate creativity of the child, exhibiting the ability to make a conscious violation of the language of the canon. Metalinguistic component of children's issues provides an opportunity to assess the child's creativity, speech acts in terms of fluency, flexibility, originality. Children's questions are classified into those regarding the logic of things and the logic of language nomination, their correlation is established. This analysis reveals the following features of metalinguistic reflection in the formation of the language person: 1) development of linguistic abilities in "reading" motivational word forms and application of derived algorithms in creative word activity; 2) the expression of a child's uniqueness in the perception of aspects of the world and the language of processed information; 3) modeling function in the formation of dynamic subsystems child's speech, allowing the child to realize their nominative and communicative needs.

Based on the material of "The Naming Dictionary of the Russian language", the article shows the result of comparing pairs of lexical items recognized in the traditional linguistics classic example of absolute synonyms: the word "behemoth" and " hippopotamus". Comparison of associative fields called tokens, whose parts are their naming fields, allows them to be considered absolute synonymous, but only roughly. While the associative field of the word-stimulus “behemoth” contains numerous reactions, characterizations, references to precedent texts, in the field of associative wordstimulus “hippopotamus” major part of the reaction is the association related to the large size of the animal. Comparison of the naming fields of the analyzed synonyms brings out their differences. According to Russian speakers, the words “behemoth” and “hippopotamus” have great naming potential, but it is the word “behemoth” that has achieved its naming implementation capacity. The word “hippopotamus” is hardly ever used as a name of an organization. As a results of the experiments, in addition to general naming potential (both words can be used for product names, food, shoe stores, pet stores, shops for children), lexical words “behemoth” and “hippopotamus” have differences in the composition of their naming fields. According to Russian speakers, the word “behemoth” is more suitable as the name of a grocery store, while the word “hippopotamus” can primarily be used as the name of a large-sized clothing shop. Thus, from the perspective of ordinary native speakers of Russian, lexical units "behemoth" and "hippopotamus" are not absolute synonyms.

The article deals with the concept, project and originality of the new type of onomasiological naming dictionary formation. There are a number of psycholinguistic studies on the basis of the Naming Dictionary articles. The results of these studies show linguomarketing potential of the words-bionyms and their real function in company names, peculiarities of the native speaker linguistic consciousness, correlation lexicographic and “psychologically real” meaning of the word and peculiarities of the linguistic sign variation. The Naming Russian Dictionary reflects the knowledge about words in fundamentally new dimension: not according to the prescriptive function (in the current dictionary it is kept to the minimum) but in terms of the native speakers’ idea about word semantics and its reference with reality. An additional point is that the dictionary is made on the basis of the linguistic experiment. It provides not only enlargement of current linguistic studies in the sphere of the linguomarketology but it allows one to study an ordinary linguistic consciousness of native speakers of the Russian language.

In the modern Russian writer Yuri Buida’s novel "Thief, Spy and Murderer" (2014), Christian discourse reveals itself at different levels of the text’s organization: genre (autobiography / confession), imaginative (marginal, mad / poor in spirit), motivic (imperfection of human nature / sin), plot (the hard way the son to the father / parable of the prodigal son) and others. On the one hand, Christian allusions in the novel are a manifestation of intertextual poetics, creating a cultural context for the perception of the postmodern text. On the other hand, the Christian "code" is the most relevant for the disclosure of the philosophical and psychological content of the novel, as in Christian categories expressed by the author's attitude to the leading cultural meanings of the era, to modern man, and to himself.

The article analyzes features of the proper name of Ludwig van Beethoven as well as represents its intentional use in the process of verbalization of the phenomenon “Music” (based on the novel “A Clockwork” by Orange A. Burgess). On the basis of a stage-by-stage research three models of the proper name Ludwig van Beethoven within the anthroponomical field of the literary discourse of A. Burgess were allocated: MODEL I [Personal name]; MODEL II [Surname]; MODEL III [Surname + Work of Art]. The use of the model [Personal name] – Ludwig van is prepotent and reflects the main character’s personal attitude towards the composer. Functional meanings of the proper name are defined, 4 lexical portraits of Beethoven are allocated: physiological, psychological, emotional and intellectual. Positive and negative signs of Beethoven are expressed by means of evaluative lexicon and antinomies in the analyzed novel. The positive characteristic of the composer prevails, which is connected with the greatness of his figure and is motivated by the main character’s affection to Beethoven. Beethoven’s educational, noble features belong to positive signs. Negative signs of the composer’s personality are reflected in his emotional and intellectual portraits as he is represented as a gloomy, angry, mad person. In Anthony Burgess’s novel “A Clockwork Orange” both universal and specific features of Ludwig van Beethoven are represented. The universal features include physical characteristics of the musician (deafness, long flying hair, etc.), and also recognition of genius of the composer and his creations. Beethoven’s character belongs to the sphere of universal and specific features. The fact of the detached, lonely lifestyle of the musician, his severe, gloomy character, which was caused by his disease, is wellknown. Annoyance, rage, hidden threat, penetrating look are the specific features which are allocated to Beethoven by the author of the novel A. Burgess.

The article is devoted to investigation of the specifics of simultaneous interpretation as a top of the translation skills, which determines high demands to the level of development of translation competence. The subject of research is the study of modern approaches to the classification of errors that occur in the simultaneous interpreting activity. The aim of the research are: 1) an investigation of the causes and mechanisms which lead to appearance of the errors in the implementation of practical translation work of a simultaneous interpreter; 2) an analysis of modern approaches to the classification of possible translation errors. In the process of implementing of the investigation method of analysis, systematization and generalization, linguistic methods of lexicalsemantic, grammatical, discursive and contextual analysis were used. On the basis of the investigation it was found that in the most general form translative errors can be divided into semantic and language ones. Each of the categories may be additionally divided into some subcategories. Semantic errors are distortions of the original pragmatists, deviations from the norm, providing disinforming impact on the recipient. Language errors do not affect the conceptual content of the original, affecting mainly on his perception by the audience of receiving cultural model. In the frames of the investigation errors from the practical simultaneous interpreting practice are given, which allows to demonstrate the functioning of different types of errors in the modern interpretation. Results of the investigation, identification of mechanisms, possible reasons, which lead to mistaken interpretation in the process of simultaneous translation, may be successfully used in the optimization of process of translation in interpreters’ practice, in the education of the interpreters, as materials in the development of theoretical and methodological literature in translation studies. The authors conclude that the interpretation is one of the most difficult types of translation, a complex, gradual psychological process that takes place under extreme conditions, leading to errors in the speech of simultaneous interpreter. It is impossible to completely avoid erroneous interpretation and reconstruction of the original discourse; however, the understanding of the mechanisms of deviations from the norm, the use of appropriate translation strategies allows one to avoid semantic errors that distort the original pragmatics.

The article deals with the results of the psycholinguistic experiment which prove the influence of the self-equality strategy in the process of spontaneous reaction text generation as a reaction on the stimulus “human life”. The materials have been analyzed with the help of a special computer program which marks the reaction texts parameters: text size in words (from space to space) and in sentences as well as the text formula reflecting the finite integral state of the whole. It has been found out that the self-equality as the principle of structuring speech forming activity is also used when producing reaction texts. The form reflects the hidden laws of the text synergetics and its synchronization with the speech-thought processes of the human acting with lack of time, it shows the hidden laws of the text formation. The probability of the realization of the 7 dominant models of the text form in the experiment is 824 texts of 1 thousand, in the directed one – 705 texts. The text formats reflect the discretization of the inner textual information. The average text size in the free experiment is 27.82 words, in sentences – 2.64, in the directed experiment – 12.34 and 6.79 sentences correspondingly. The reaction texts set on one page are formed by the tested according to a selected pattern and have hardly any stylistic, graphic and punctuation difference. The forms generated in the process of experiment are more end-oriented with attractors located in the end alongside with the dominant sense.

The given article provides an analysis of collective discursive personalities of members of Internet fan communities which are devoted to performers working in two different music styles – pop and metal. Such kind of communicative interaction forms a unique discourse – the discourse of music fan Internet community which combines features of both subcultural group discourse (as the reason which led to the formation of the very fan community) and Internet discourse itself (as the environment for the given discourse). Through the use of content analysis method the authors find out both typical and specific psychological and cognitive features which fan community members implement during communication in the given discourse. These features include different ways of perception (visual vs. audial), major mindsets, emotionality level, etc. The main way of perception which is represented in the texts of conversations between pop music fan community members turns to be a visual one, while metal music fans are likely to have the audial way of perception as a major one. In the given discourse these features are represented by word groups of different perception semantics which are used by community members and belong to different parts of speech. The analysis of conversations in both fan groups demonstrates that concrete thinking could be characterized as a main way of thinking for fans of two aforementioned music styles. It is represented within the vocabulary and grammatical features used. Conversations between music fans of both types could be also characterized by a heightened emotionality level which directly depends on the specific character of music fanaticism. This specific character is based on over-positive attitude to favourite artists. The special attention is given to the system of language means which help to form general emotional background during communication process.

“Rags to riches” as an invariant “deep” structure of many stories about restored dignity and status has been in universal literary use since the eminent version of “Cinderella” in the Grimm brothers’ collection of fairy-tales. So has the “deep” structure of an individual’s moral evolution towards god, as made explicit by many narratives taking after the Quran story of Yusuf. After morphological dissection of Cinderella and Jami’s Yusuf and Zulaikha stories (performed with V. Propp’s original scheme in view) we discovered certain similarities between the respective underlying structures despite the stories’ apparent difference. Taking into consideration a number of later adoptions of Cinderella and Yusuf / Zulaikha plots, the authors put forward a hypothesis about culture-and-society determined reciprocal rapprochement and transformation of interpretation dominants in more recent narratives of the respective traditions. At that, “spiritual growth towards god” stories acquire certain features of the society-bound “rag to riches” progression and, vice versa, “rags to riches” narratives become increasingly suggestive of god’s favour as the highest value. If duly supported by scientific evidence, the hypothesis could assist in further study of causes and outcomes of an on-going “orientalization” of western culture and westernization of that of the Orient.

Now it is possible to speak about a number of basic principles of the description of semantics of language units during expert research of the disputable text which should underlie any expert linguistic research. The major of them, relevant for expert estimation of semantics of a word in disputable text, are the following: 1. The account of polysemy of words and expressions. 2. The account of context of the use of a disputable word or expression. 3. The account of situation of the use of a disputable word or expression. 4. The account of real language consciousness of the ordinary native speaker. The article features the substantiation of each of these principles and presents examples of realization of each of the principles in the practical analysis of the text.

The article describes the conceptual structure of the body of Soviet poetry, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, identified by the automatic semantic analysis, cluster analysis and contextual interpretation of semantic core. We specify the central lexis (the semantic weight ≥20), the near peripheral lexis (19-6) and the far peripheral lexis (5-2) and hence the nuclear, auxiliary and peripheral concepts. We also determine the ratio of generalized or abstract concepts and concrete, basic-level concepts; the former somewhat prevail over the latter. The abstract concepts include "intellective" (war, waiting, return, death, memory, hope, glory, grand, terrible, Motherland, victory, come to life, soul, etc.) and "emotive" (grief, sadness, guilt, love, fear, fatigue, courage, duty, power, pain, conscience, etc.). The concrete concepts provide detailed profiling of the ground against which particular figures are represented, here we find the realities of the front (soldiers, trench, track, wet, drag, move, attack, run, boom, etc.), and the realities of the civilian life (yard, childhood, garden, village, hut, etc.); the realities of military and civilian life are closely intertwined. Based on R. Langacker’s tenet that the greater the attention upon the ground, the greater the objectivity of construal, we conclude on the objective representation of the wartime by the Soviet poets.

The article contains a study of the most controversial problems in interjections theory – the criteria of classification and the issue of semantics of these specific linguistic elements. The paper argues that traditional parameters – prototypical, morphosyntactic, semantic and grammatical – are not relevant for all subclasses of interjections. The common claim about the meaning of interjections as signifying feelings or states of mind is too narrow and couldn’t be referred to such categories as volitive (conative) and etiquette interjections. As new criterion common for all subclasses the attitudinal reference is suggested, which definitely separates this heterogeneous class from all other parts of speech with denotative or descriptive reference. To name these two main groups of linguistic signs the neosemantization of rarely used linguistic terms is offered: “pragmeme” (for interjections) and “semanteme” (for the linguistic signs with denotative meaning).

The subject of this paper is the semantic and syntactic nature of Serbian complementizers da and što, as well as Bulgarian da and če, and the relation among all of them in the light of (non-)specificity for factivity and propositionality. They have been analyzed in various syntactic contexts and have also been related to the possible world semantics, as well as to the subjunctive semantics. Stemming from the relation propositional-factive, it is concluded that da-complements in Bulgarian can just be connected to a strong subjunctivity. On the other hand, with dacomplements in Serbian both the strong and the weak subjunctive are expressed. Considering all of the above, it is clear that the usage of da is broader in Serbian than in Bulgarian, and that da marks the subjunctive context in both languages. After comparing these four complementizers, we can conclude that the Bulgarian da is stronger than the Serbian da, and that the Serbian što is stronger than the Bulgarian če. In other words, the Serbian da (it can be propositional or factive) and Bulgarian če (propositional or factive) are non-specified complementizers, contrary to the Bulgarian da (propositional) and Serbian što (mainly factive, compared to sentences with da), which are specified.