The paper provides an overview of the main theories of victimization popular abroad. The work is aims to overcome the lack of information about the development of victimology abroad, and the main foreign approaches to the study of human victimization. The author considers the concept of “the lifestyle/exposure theory”, personal characteristics and abnormal interpersonal relations. The concept of «peer victimization» is presented as a basis for the consequences. The study shows that the characteristic disorders (low self-esteem and impaired dignity) are present in all members of the victimization process. The effects of various forms of intimidation in the early age and adolescence were studied. The specifics of cyberbullying as a form of violence are highlighted. The role of the theories of gender, race, age influence in the development of approaches to victimization of the individual is revealed. The mechanism of secondary victimization and the effect of social contamination are described. The theories revealing the specifics of victimization of underage refugees are suggested. The author proposes an analysis of various activities to prevent violence among young teenage peers, their effectiveness is evaluated as well. The novelty of the analysis lies in the dissemination of international experience in the field of Russian victimology.

The paper is a part of the research that deals with the Abkhazian national pedagogy, its peculiarities and principles. The actuality of the work is explained in the following: the Abkhazian national pedagogy contains a set of unique upbringing methods, including intellectual, preserving the ethnic identity and features of the Abkhazian people. These methods and principles deserve studying and embedding in modern use. The idea of intellectual education is for the first time expanded and concretized, as component of the perfect personality formation system in representation of Abkhazians that is new concerning the works of other authors. The analysis carried out in the article fills with the new contents our considerations about the pedagogy of Abkhazians in the past, specifics of their educational process. Theoretical provisions and conclusions of the author can be used by scientists while writing works and manuals on ethnic pedagogy and traditional educational system. In the work ways of introduction of the research object in practice are offered.

The paper aims at disclosing the value-semantic components of the life strategies of university students. The characteristics of meaningful life strategy of the individual are described. The paper substantiates the position that the value orientations are a major component of vital strategies of the personality. The following research methods were used: M. Rokich’s test, S. Schwartz’s test, D. A. Leontiev’s life orientations test, R. Inglkhart’s test modified by M. S. Yanitskiy. Basing on the typology by L. I. Dementy and V. E. Kupchenko, the authors identified and described the differences between the fatalistic, conformist and purposeful life strategies, which lie in the method of planning for the future, the formation of an image of the future, the formation of the main goals in life, the degree of meaningfullness and life satisfaction, the ability to independently control the events of their life and take responsibility for them. The paper presents the characteristics of value-semantic sphere of the personality of high school students belonging to these types of vital strategy.

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The paper discusses the theoretical basis for the classification of interpersonal relations. An attempt at classifying interpersonal relations basing on a systematic approach is made. Under the principle of the system description, the suggested semantic structure of interpersonal relations is represented by the following areas: perception of themselves and others, psychological perception of time, perception of the relations with the groups as a reflection of affiliative needs, perception and evaluation of communicative style. Each sphere can be coloured emotionally either positively or negatively, so the ratio of the four basic parameters and two functional states can assume the existence of sixteen types of interpersonal relations. The results of the first empirical phase of the study revealed that all sixteen of the expected types do exist. In addition, the main achievement of this phase of the study is that the assumption of the possibility of a typology of interpersonal relations through the semantic structure is confirmed.

The paper presents and explains the three features of cultural transition from metaphysic to scientific principles in the world picture building by the students majoring in the Humanitarians being observed while being taught the discipline “Modern scientific world picture” and (or) “Natural scientific world picture”. The paper also discusses the conception of pedagogical immunity according to which the role of the teacher is brought to building the attractor (the way of development) for a student for many future years in the context of the subject being taught. The authors present the peculiarities of the results of art activity, i. e. the information manipulation.

An experimental investigation of physiological parameters of the central nervous system and the adaptation of firstgraders with different development deficiencies was performed. Significant differences in the psychophysiological features of the first-graders who have certain deficiencies and the conventionally normal first-graders were discovered. The psychophysiological profile of the first-graders with development deficiencies is marked by the misbalance of the nervous system with a predominance of inhibitory processes, low-speed hand-eye reaction, low level of attention and shaped memory. The obtained results show that individuals with deficiencies are characterized by the development of mechanisms of regulation of stress and poor adaptation, the predominance of sympatho-tonic type of autonomic regulation of heart rate.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the problem and the role of Humanitarian education in higher school, considering its importance in improving the quality of education and in shaping the competitiveness of university graduates in the labour market.

In article the problem of abortions at youth is analyzed. Strategy of work of the psychologist in preabortive consultation. Work of the psychologist with the woman's resources is considered, which plans to make abortion, depending on type of behavior of the pregnant woman, and the type of situation in which it is located. Presents a psychological analysis of the stages of decision making about abortion or the birth of a child.

The paper analyzes the activity contexts of the personality development connected with social reality modeling (direct and emotional communication in infancy, communication of preschool children of the same age in subject roleplaying games and communication with the reference environment at teenage age), the potential for their personal selfdevelopment is analyzed. All the mentioned leading types of activities are supposed to be based on the available level of social reality modeling in each of the considered ages. It is specified that the general undifferentiated model of the world is formed in infancy within the child’s inclusiveness in human dialogue, the model varies in the degree of stability / instability, trust / threat; in preschool childhood the modeling activity allows to carry out the primary semantic marking of external and internal reality; at teenage age there is a shift of the semantic marking of the world and its realization at a new level provided with the developing high mental functions. In relation to each analyzed type of the modeling activity the conclusion about its potential for personal development and self-development is made.

Tolerance of the future teacher as the quality of the individual and the professional meets the needs of today’s socio-cultural transformations. The paper aims at identifying the psycho-pedagogical bases of tolerance development as an important characteristic of the future teacher’s personality in the conditions of modern Russian education. The profound comprehensive analysis allowed investigating the circumstances of modern education that caused drastic reforms. The psycho-educational basic foundations of tolerance under the present-day Russian education conditions are discovered. Problems and contradictions of tolerance evolution as a future teacher’s personal quality in the system of higher education are examined. The author’s approach to studying the problems of formation and characterizing tolerance as a concept, its: psychological specificity and functions in education is proposed. Thus it is necessary to improve the quality and create a new system of teacher training. The general set of professional knowledge, skills and competences of future teachers should be taken into account in the development of professional qualities including tolerance; in creating practically oriented programs for the tolerance development of the future teacher as the personality and professional trait.

The paper discusses some features of the style of M. Debrenne’s academic papers in terms of transferring the traditions of the French language academic writing into her texts of a similar genre written in Russian. This phenomenon and its manifestations in her Russian academic papers are analyzed within the framework of a larger phenomenon observed in the speech of the above-named French-Russian bilingual: conscious cross-language transfer, which consists in the intentional use of the rules of her native language (French) while writing in her second language (Russian). This analysis allows us to conclude that this bilingual writer’s academic texts, as the sum of their formal and substantive features, are significantly closer to the French academic tradition than to the Russian one.

The paper analyzes the graphic-spatial parameter of texts of natural Russian writing on the material of Outpatient cards. Graphics, paragraphemic features of texts and the used creolized components are described. The types of authors’ writing personalities are determined in accordance with the used methods of organization, structuring records and chosen paralinguistic means. The author draws conclusions about the correlation between institutional and creolized components in the text of outpatient cards. Creolized components are widely used by the authors despite the official character of the documents.

The article deals with the early work of M. J. Lermontov position detection archetypal sense. The object of research is the unfinished novel "Vadim". This work was analyzed in great literary discourse produced by the Russian tradition (parallels with the work of Pushkin) and European (parallels with the novel of Victor Hugo "Notre Dame de Paris"), but the issue of folklorism hardly raised regarding this novel. Folk tradition has been studied mainly in the poems of Lermontov. Folklorism prose, the novel "A Hero of Our Time" investigated V. A. Smirnov, who raised the question of cosmization personality eydologii love of Lermontov in poetics, referring to the latent form of folklorism. Based on this theoretical promise, we reviewed the novel "Vadim". Much attention is paid to the construction and archetypal ritual actually in the text. Applied aspect of research is in the ability to use the results in educational practice, namely in teaching subjects such as Russian folklore and Russian literature of XIX century.

The paper deals with the problem of functioning of postpositive nominatives. These constructions can be segmented, parcelled and connective constructions. The aim of the research is to analyze these constructions, identifying their functions in modern newspaper text. As a methodological basis the elements of functional textual analysis were used. Functional textual analysis allows defining the role of a syntactic construction in the text as pragmatics and function often determine the syntax structure. Such structures are often difficult for interpretation in the language of the press. The function of the construction defines its structure, determines its correlation with other components of the text. Postpositional nominatives have a certain communicative potential, as they are structures of both syntactic and textual nature. The analysis of these constructions is performed on the basis of functional aspect and communicative approach.

The theory of speech genres developed in the cognitive aspect. The models of the genre are studied in metalinguistic awareness. The paper focuses on the models of the concepts of “poem in prose” and “Internet-miniature”" In order to test the hypothesis that there is a similarity between the two small prosaic emotional and lyrical genres, a comparative analysis of representations in metalinguistic awareness was carried out. The material for the study was the statements obtained in the course of psycholinguistic experiments and directed surveys of the authors. The author considers 376 associative reactions to the stimulus “poem in prose” and 1968 linguistic units comprising metalinguistic statements about Internetminiatures. Metalinguistic approach helps identify the signs fixed in to metalinguistic awareness in a bigger or smaller degree. The models provide a basis for comparison of the two genres, despite different communicative spheres and sociocultural importance. The comparative analysis proves the thesis of a close proximity of their cognitive structures.

The paper discusses one of the variants of the prolonged syntactical form with the semantics of condition – complex conditional sentences. The authors examine an urgent problem of functioning of complex conditional sentences in the texts of the postcards in the project “Postcrossing”. The object under the study has been chosen because of the appearance of a new type of natural written English and the necessity to examine it from various aspects. The authors use such linguistic methods as the analysis of structure and function, the analysis of semantics and context. The paper provides a set of lexicogrammatical and pragmatic means that contribute to the subjective colouring of the modal-pragmatic superstructure of the complex conditional sentences. Two types of speech acts are determined in the texts of the postcards in the project “Postcrossing”. The study may be applicable for theoretical and practical studying of English grammar and written speech.

The purpose of this work is the construction of the associative field of the concepts TOP/BOTTOM as the objects of designing the liguistic picture of the world in the Chinese and Russian languages, and also the description of the associates included in the structure of the concepts. The research focuses on the semantics associates constructing the associative field of the concepts TOP/BOTTOM. The research is based on the method of introspection, comparison, and the method of psycholinguistic experiment. In the course of the research and of processing the data of the associative experiment the nuclear and peripheral areas of the studied concepts were identified, and also the attempt of cognitive interpretation of the material was made. The results were the basis for constructing the associative-verbal field of the concepts TOP / BOTTOM in Russian and Chinese linguistic pictures of the world. The research allows making a conclusion about the presence of certain mental models, characteristic of different cultures. The results can be used in the lexicographical practice to expand the definitions of associative dictionaries.

The paper deals with the value outlook of the Italian anti-fascist writer A. Moravia which is revealed through the manifestation of the romano/romana image in his works of fiction. The political and socio-cultural constituent – the established fascist regime inItalyof the 1920s – expands the conceptual space of the studied image and allows to form a picture of a Roman resident as a mouthpiece of the pre-war Italian culture.

One of the most important aspects of cross-cultural competence of students is the ability to overcome cultural barriers in professional communication at the international level. The paper gives a brief description of the technique of teaching English, which is aimed at developing students’ skills to overcome cultural barriers in business communication. The paper emphasizes that this teaching technique should teach students to classify cultural business communication barriers, to find ways to overcome them, and include a variety of interactive teaching methods focused on the communicative skills in the interpersonal cross-cultural communication.

The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of expression of the purpose relations in the Russian and Chinese languages. The role of the comparative analysis of the syntactic phenomena of different languages is defined. Similarities, partial discrepancies and distinctions in means of expression of the purpose relations in the Russian and Chinese languages are identified. Degree of difficulty of mastering these means in Russian by the Chinese sudents is defined. The practical value of this research is in an attempt to describe and analyze the similarities and distinctions between categories of the purpose in Russian (inflectional) and Chinese (amorphous) languages, as well as between ways to transfer purpose semantics in the compared languages at the level of the simple sentence. Findings obtained when studying these nuances will promote not only to correct practical training the Chinese students to the Russian language, but may also allow to use the linguistic knowledge in translation and scientific activity more effectively

The paper touches upon the problem of language manipulation in mass media. The case study of the New York Times describes a new electronic tool of manipulating readers’ consciousness – daily newspaper email newsletters. The results of the research reveal mechanisms of forming positive and negative connotations on two interrelated levels – compositional and referential. Presenting news in the newsletter in different columns gives a false impression of its variability and objectiveness, while its appearance in the order of importance, repetition in different columns, domineering reference to the USA, ‘inconvenient news’ blackout but ‘convenient news’ presentation create a positive image of the newspaper’s home country and negative images of other countries. The research shows that daily newspaper email newsletters are an efficient manipulating tool helping to influence readers’ consciousness and format their interests and evaluations in a particular way.

The paper presents the needs assessment project for ESP course conducted in the framework of «E-teacher Scholarship program». The needs assessment included such aspects as target situation analysis, present situation analysis and context analysis. The needs assessment project is conducted in order to design the syllabus for the students of the specialty “Thermal engineering”. The paper reveals the goals of the discipline “English for specific purposes” for students with account of their professional distinctiveness. The data are taken from the materials collected at students’ questionnaires, observation, interviewing “Thermal engineering” teachers. The paper also considers ESP challenges faced by university teachers. The absence of the placement test, poor English language competence of non-language teachers conducting the lesson, few practical hours influence the quality of material acquisition.

The paper is aimed at considering the punctuation norms of the Russian language from the perlocutionary perspective. This perspective results from the research conducted in respect of a real communication-oriented functional field of the Russian punctuation. The concept of the perlocutionary act (as an act inducing a targeted effect impacting thoughts and feelings of an addressee) and the perlocutionary effect requests a more sound investigation for transmission of the research focus from the traditional normalization towards the problem of communication effectiveness of the native speakers’ writing activity. Advertising texts where perlocutionary success is equal to communication success might be seen as an outstanding material for such research.

In the conditions of psycholinguistic research the authors examine the cognitive strategies used by Russian native speakers in the recognition of Chinese idioms presented in word-by-word translation into the native language of the recipient. Since cognitive strategies belong to the mental sphere, they can not be accessed directly; however, both conscious and unconscious cognitive activity is reflected in the language. The study aims to define how the conversion of semantic information is realized in the space thinking ↔ language. The methodology helped to identify the strategies of identifying the meaning of foreign language idioms, and, basing on qualitative and quantitative indicators, to classify the Russian native speakers’ strategies. Using the method of introspection, the results were conditionally divided into 4 groups: phraseological units with a high degree of identification (100 % – 50 %), medium (49 % – 20 %), low (19 % – 5 %) and recognition below 5 %. Thus the strategies that generate this stratification of phraseological units were revealed. This practice is applicable in the study of any language

The paper specifies the addressee image actualization peculiarities in English tourism advertising. The author focuses on the addressee image notion and communication parties’ interaction characteristics. Both explicit and implicit means of the addressee image actualization are investigated. The framing method of analysis is used for modelling the addressee image. As a result of the research the frame model of the addressee image, including the frames “Activity type”, “Budget”, “Family status”, “Activity level” is built. The research results can be used in the courses of communicative linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and linguistics

The paper reviews the ways of preventing linguistic interference at simultaneous teaching of phonetics of closely related languages – French, Italian and Spanish. The technique is based on thorough comparison of the phonetic structure of the languages, on establishing correspondences and correlations of phonemes, morphemes and word-formation models, and in a certain sequence of exercises to prevent the confusion of the languages.

The human ability to speak is a specific field of Homo Loquens activity related to different spheres of people’s life and processes of human activity. Processes based on linguistic semantics which includes the types of knowledge used by native speakers of the language in communication are being actively investigated by the cognitive scientific paradigm. Cognitive analysis helps to identify the deep processes where significant hidden regularities are emerge due to the complex nature of language as a means of communication. In psycholinguistics the generation of speech is the process of interpretation of thoughts into words, and the language is a form of representation of the categories of thoughts. Objectification of ideas into words reflects the complex process of conceptualization. There is still no consensus about the prevalence of conceptual world over language or vice versa. Language, speech, and speaking are from the sphere of unconscious and, at the same time, they are a necessary tool of conscious reflection. They reflect the conceptual world of a language native speaker and their mentality – the national way of seeing and understanding the world. We made an attempt to research a vast section of the lexical level of a language structure – the group of the verbs of speaking and to reveal the individual peculiarities of Russian and English.

The paper deals with the study of the cognitive mechanism of the development of metaphorical meanings from prototypical ones. A group of denominal instrumental phrasal verbs with spatial particles is analyzed from the point of view of cognitive approach. An attempt is made to theorize on the correlation between the metaphorical meaning of the instrumental verb and the metaphorical meaning of the noun it is derived from. An adverbial postposition of the phrasal verb determines modifications of the meaning of the denominal verb, as well as identifies a set of possible shifts of the meaning. The provided exemplary material allows the author of the paper to identify and explain the new meanings of a group of instrumental phrasal verbs as a result of metaphorization. The following mechanisms of phrasal verb meaning extension were distinguished: similarity in function (with the instrument named by the noun), similarity in action (performed by the instrument), similarity with the instrument (in shape, form, etc).

The paper attempts to examine the reasons for the growth of sectarianism in Siberia due to resettlement of Protestant population from the Central provinces of Russia. The research disclosed the methods and forms of the Russian Orthodox Church struggle against non-Orthodox confessions in Siberian during the mass peasant movement of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, the paper presents the percentage of Orthodox population and that of the followers of non-Orthodox confessions in Siberia during the studied period. The authors substantiate the idea that the relations that existed between ethnicity and religious affiliation influenced the emergence of the confrontation between the Siberian Orthodox clergy and believers of other faiths. Of particular interest is the conclusion that the religious factor had a special role in the process of formation of the ethnic identity of Russians in Siberia. The paper proves that in the studied period the practice of enforcing the norms of religious tolerance in Siberian was predominantly influenced by the political factor

The paper considers the main forms of protest activity in Russian regions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of protest actions in the regions of Western Siberia. The following forms of protest activity were revealed: writing letters to the authorities about the violation of human rights; refusal to participate in election campaigns; printing and distribution of leaflets and prohibited anti-Soviet literature; the nature of the activities and ideological convictions of the few underground organizations. The authors consider the State Security Committee’s methods of struggle against and the content of trials on the anti-Soviet protestants. The conclusion is made about the various forms of protest and their role in the life of the country.

The paper analyzes the current state of spiritual culture and identity of the ethnic groups living in the Republic of Altai. The minds of the indigenous population of Ulagan area today are shown to be dominated by the mono-ethnic identity, as well as by two-tier civil identity. Relations between “small ethnic group – big society” are based on a complex two-way relations model, the essence of which is such a model of adaptation where an ethnic group adopts the values and attitudes of the dominant society without destroying their ethnic and cultural model, while maintaining its traditions and culture and its own model of development.

The paper provides an attempt of researching the phenomenon of youth nonconformism in a historical retrospective of the 1920s. Archival documents, particularly the reports of the central and local cells of the Russian Communist League of Youth (RKSM) act as the main source.The assumption is made that the statistical data contained in the documents can serve as the criterion for defining the dynamics of youth nonconformism.Such quantitative indices as change in the number of Komsomol organizations, the number of members who voluntarily left and were excluded, the percentage ratio for the reasons of exclusion are subject to the analysis. The conclusion is drawn about the gradual increase of protest moods in the youth environment since the mid 1920s.

The paper presents the analysis of the labor mobilizations in Kuzbass region in 1920 – 1921. The author emphasizes the cause-and-effect relation between the labor mobilization and the food supplies from Siberia to the famishing provinces of European Russia and the Urals during the fuel crisis because of the labour resources shortage in coal mines. The paper focuses on the role of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee in the realization of the plans of largescale displacement of labour force in the Kuznetsk Basin. Basing on the synthesis of the archival documents of Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions and the Russian State Military Archive, the research revealed the sources of labour resources recruited in accordance with the labour duty for the coal mines of the Kuznetsk Basin and the construction of the Kolchugino-Prokopevsk mines railway. The quantitative membership and periods of labour activity of different groups of mobilized people are disclosed. The work shows qualitative and quantitative changes of mobilized workers in the Kuzbass coal industry. The work also gives a general characteristic of the economic activity of the Siberian labour army. The author comes to the conclusion that in the long run the labour mobilization did not significantly affect the replenishment of the workforce in Kuzbass. The study results allow us to extend the understanding of the formation of Kuzbass as an industrial center of Siberia.

The paper analyzes the activities of the evacuated scientists caught up in war conditions together with higher education institutions in the Siberian land. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the status of experts who arrived, the mechanisms of the realization of the main activities, its scope and results by a comprehensive study of the issue. The paper draws attention to the restructuring of the scientific activity and change in the forms of research organization. It is shown that the activity of scientists, science as a whole was aimed at strengthening of the defense and the military economy development. These questions were the focus of the authorities. In the conclusion the author outlines that the war did not disrupt the work of scientists, in contrast, it focused their creativity on the development of agricultural production of the Siberian region, strengthening the country’s defense.

The paper deals with the history of the Orthodox Church in Central Asia in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and postSoviet periods, with special emphasis on the development of the Orthodox religion in the industrial cities of Tashkent province, which were built during the industrialization.The paper shows the features of Orthodox communities in cities with declining share of the Russian population identified by the methods of field research, interviews and observation.

The paper focuses on researching the Russian practices of indigenous tourism development, as well as involvement of Russia’s indigenous people into the touristic activities. According to this subject, several tasks are set: to analyze the terminological problems of indigenous tourism; to represent the landmarks of Russian state policy, concerning the development of indigenous tourism; to describe the problems of indigenous tourism emergence and development by the examples of some Russian regions since the mid 2000s to present time. The problems of indigenous tourism development were reviewed with the examples of several Russian regions. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra territories were described as positives examples. Khabarovsk Kray and Altai Krai were reviewed as the example of fairly unsuccessful regions in terms of indigenous tourism. The analysis of the Russian experience of tourism development in the areas populated with indigenous peoples allows inferring that the development of indigenous tourism in Russia is still at its initial phase.

The paper features an archeographic analysis of the primary sources for the English Parliament sittings in 1628 – 1629. The author attempted to establish the main stages in publishing the documents which reveal the nature of the Parliamentary debates in the pre-revolutionary England. The sources analyzed allow tracing down the publication history for the primary sources in England in the 17th-20th centuries. The aim of the research is also to lay down the ideological and political framework which served as a publishing background for the sources concerning the development of the English parliamentary system. Such archeographic research is original as there are no such analyses necessary to study the backgrounds of the revolution and the history of the Parliamentary system in particular. A thematic justification for conducting this research is that the legal and political history of England differs from that of other European countries. The Parliament became more and more important, both in times of the Civil War and afterwards, and its role became more significant within the European trend in striving for absolute power consolidation. In this regard the history of the English Parliament reveals a unique experience in preserving the fundamental legal values. Analyzing the key primary sources for the given period as well as the leading political trends which provided for later publications allows revealing the nature of the Parliamentary debates and the consequent revolution in England from the historical point of view.