The present research featured the effect of mindfulness-based techniques on the development of reflexivity in patients with victim mentality. Mindfulness techniques include such practices as breathing exercises, meditation, progressive relaxation, journaling, visualization, etc. They are believed to develop reflexivity, as well as various useful personal and social responsibility
skills. The study was based on O. O. Andronnikova’s methods for studying the victim behavior and the methods for determining reflexivity level by A. V. Karpov and V. V. Ponomarev. The survey (N=208) involved respondents aged 18–23 (145 women, 63 men). Tests revealed 52 subjects with victim mindset. They were divided into experimental (N=25) and control (N=27) groups. The participants attended group sessions of mindfulness-based practices once a week for six months. Based on the results of Mann-Whitney U-criterion and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the therapy proved efficient in differentiating the inner world of the participants and improving their conscious functioning in society in the time continuum. The mindfulness techniques promoted the development of reflexivity in patients with victim mentality and decreased self-harming behavior (p=0.045) and aggression (p=0.033). 

 The research featured the urgent issues of students’ mental health triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has become frustrating and degrading in relation to a number of needs that young people regard as significant. It violated the usual behavioral patterns of self-actualization and self-realization. The lockdown and distance learning put an unexpected burden on the personal and health resources of students, leading to the risk of hypochondrial response and triggering various forms of maladaptive and addictive behavior. These violations worsened the emotional background, affected the motivational sphere,   and limited the ability of self-control and self-organization, thus  creating prerequisites for learned helplessness and addictive behavior, which are one of the most destructive responses to stress. The authors believe that students need a special program of psychological support aimed at solving the mental health issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

 The research featured the way time attitude depend on the levels of subjective well-being and optimism. The attitude manifested as temporal freedom, dependence, and infantilism. The authors believe that attitude to one's time can be an indicator of one’s subjective well-being and optimism. The survey included 297 senior students (age 21–22, 154 female subjects) of the Ugra State University (Khanty-Mansiysk) and the Kurgan branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Kurgan). All the participants were citizens of Russia. The study employed a set of methods, including authentic versions of The Scale of Attitude to Time and The Scale of Optimism of Personality, as well as The Scale of Subjective Well-Being adapted by M.V. Sokolova. The study established the interdependence of subjective well-being and optimism with time attitude represented by temporary freedom, dependence, and infantilism. Optimists saw time as a resource for activity and demonstrated no obsession with time management and control. Students with a sense of well-being and optimism had low temporal dependence;  those with moderate levels of well-being and optimism had higher levels of temporal dependence; those with low levels of subjective well-being demonstrated high levels of temporal dependence. Time attitude proved to be an effective indicator of subjective well-being. For instance, flexible  attitude to time management reflected subjective well-being. Time dependence indicated subjective disadvantage and pessimism. Temporal infantilism, i.e. irrational attitude to time management, was typical of senior  students with increased self-esteem, poor selfunderstanding, non- acceptance, and rejection of difficulties. 

 The research featured the effect of the dominant cognitive style on the creativity of college students. The research objective was to study the dynamic transformations of the content characteristics of creativity in college students with different cognitive styles. The article introduces various approaches to the concepts of cognitive style and creativity in foreign and domestic psychology. A set of experiments revealed the necessity to take into account the dominant cognitive style as a creativity determiner and proved the effect of cognitive style on creativity. The authors studied the dynamics of creativity in students, based on their field dependence / independence and integrity / differentiality. The field-dependent students appeared to be more involved in the academic information al environment. They were unable to change their attitudes and opinions, even in conditions of directional influence during the psychological training. The field-independent student showed better creativity after the psychological training as they strived to develop their own attitude to all incoming information. The participants with predominating differentiality were more creative, while their differential state vector depended on their ability to satisfy their need to detail the information they perceived and produced. 

 The article considers the value-semantic dimension of commitment using the case of students’ involvement in classroom activities. Commitment is a state that appears if the person and the environment match each other. Commitment has several levels: as a current state, as motivation and values, and as an integral characteristic of human life. Meanings and values are responsible for the relations between the person and the environment, which are expressed as emotions, e.g., life satisfaction, psychological well-being, etc. The research objective was to determine the nature of the relationship between the current state of students' involvement in educational and professional activities and their motives, life orientations, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) was used to diagnose commitment as a current state (W. Schaufeli, A. Bakker). The value-semantic aspects of commitment were measured using the Academic Motivation Scale (T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, E. N. Osin), the Test of Life-Purpose Orientations (D. А. Leontiev), the Questionnaire of Life Orientations (E. Yu. Korzhova), the Scale of Psychological Well-Being (C. Ryff, in N. N. Lepeshinsky’s modification), and Life Satisfaction Index (A. O. Neugarten et al., adapted by N. V. Panina). The data were analyzed separately  for secondand third-year students of Amur State University with high,  moderate, and low commitment. The comparative analysis was based on ANOVA. Commitment as a current state appeared to correlate more with academic motivation, life-purpose orientations, and life satisfaction than with life subject-object orientations and psychological well-being. The results obtained can help psychological counselors to organize events aimed at increasing students’ commitment. 

 The transitivity of the modern world triggers new forms of interpersonal interaction. Virtual image is an important part of on-line social cognition. The present research featured factors that determine the construction of virtual personality, its psychological characteristics, functions, and patterns. The authors identified and described three groups of conditions that shape virtual personality, i.e. environmental, functional, and psychological. The latter play the most important role in the image formation process. They define relations in small groups, self-attitude, self-esteem, focus, and motivation. The authors developed a questionnaire of Substantive and Compositional Features of Virtual Personality. The study also involved the Personality in Virtual Space questionnaire and the methods of diagnostics of interpersonal relations and self-attitude. The statistical analysis of the experimental data was based on Varimax rotation. The psychological determinants appeared to be closely related to each other and were grouped into seven factors. 

 The present research featured patients with disabilities who survived COVID-19 and had to undergo a course of comprehensive rehabilitation. Foreign scientists proved that COVID-19 can affect viability, although it does not necessarily triggers mental and psychological health disorders. The research objective was to define the main factors that affect the viability of clients of a medical rehabilitation center. The article contains a review of various approaches to the concept of viability and introduces an authentic definition. The analysis was based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and revealed both positive and negative factors that affect the viability of disabled patients after COVID-19. The positive factors included harmonious or anosognosic attitude to the disease, i.e. unwillingness to consider oneself "sick" or "disabled" in working-age patients with short disease history and high rehabilitation potential, optimistic life attitude, and good family support. The negative factors included anosognosic attitude to the disease in retired patients with a long disease history. They demonstrated diffuse and mixed types of attitude to the disease, with  inconsistent components, poor  chances for successful rehabilitation and  social adaptation, pessimism, and cynicism about rehabilitation. The research  results can help specialists of medical centers to adapt their rehabilitation roadmaps to the needs of disabled COVID-19 survivors. 

 Text is one of the main methods of interpersonal communication as it transmits values and meanings. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it an important tool of remote counseling. The research objective was to analyze the texts that psychologists use in remote psychological counseling. Methods of typology, content analysis, and comparison helped to identify the semantic content and linguistic means used in such texts. A questionnaire filled in by 40 psychologists who run feature blogs made it possible to study the psychological techniques they use for text-related counseling. Text proved to be an important means of diagnostics and therapy as it addresses the intellectual and value-semantic sphere of the recipient. Its psychological impact depends on its content and linguistic means. The texts of feature blogs revealed such techniques as interviewing, interpretation, self-disclosure, rapport, and psychological support, as well as metaphor-based fairytaleand bibliotherapy. However, techniques of text-related remote psychological counseling demonstrated a number of limitations. Therefore, therapists should inform clients about the limited efficiency of this method. 

 This research featured the psychodiagnostics of extremist tendencies in school environment. Extremism is a dangerous international phenomenon that can take many forms, especially on the Internet. Students prone to extremism should be detected as soon as possible and be subjected to a proper psychological correction in order to prevent illegal actions in the future. The detection procedure requires a set of reliable psychodiagnostic tools. The present research objective was to study the extremist tendencies of students and describe them in the context of socio-psychological maladjustment. The express screening of extremist tendencies was based on an authentic questionnaire, which included the following criteria: loneliness, signs of depression, dehumanization of the other, declaration of one’s own  superiority, attraction to violence, and antisocial sentiment. The empirical study involved 157 high school students of Vladivostok (Russia), of whom 29 demonstrated extremist tendencies. Other techniques included G. Eysenck's EPI personality questionnaire, R. Cattell's 16-factor personality questionnaire (form C), Cook-Medley hostility scale, A. Ellis's method of diagnosing  irrational attitudes, and Twelve Archetypes+ projective  method developed by  R. V. Kadyrov and T. V. Kapustina. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test  (≤0,05) and STATISTICA 10.0 were used for statistical processing. The results obtained revealed the state of crisis and social maladjustment of students prone to extremism, who may choose radical and violent actions to cope with  this state. The developed method proved to be a sensitive and reliable tool for diagnosing extremist tendencies in the context of socio-psychological maladjustment in school environment. 

 The research objective was to describe the structure of the borrowed macroconcept army, i.e. to determine its motivating and concept signs in the Russian mentality. The study involved nine etymological dictionaries and revealed six motivating signs, while nine explanatory dictionaries and language material made it possible to identify 32 conceptual signs: 1. Types and kinds of military units (eleven signs): air; (field) troops; armed (motivating signs to arm); (highest military / large) unit; naval; as opposed to naval and air forces; opposite of the elite military units; one / different branches of the armed forces; missile; ground (infantry / cavalry); without privileges. 2. Armed people (seven signs): Bolshevik (military forces) / Red Army; (military) men; army; aggregate; forces; composition of (several) corps and divisions; part of the active armed forces (at the front). 3. Purpose (six signs): war; to make capable of fighting (motivating signs); for conducting military operations; protection (of the state); ensuring the inviolability of borders and independence of the state; service. 4. Combat equipment (four signs): weapon (motivating signs); device (motivating signs); supply (motivating signs); to equip (motivating signs). 5. Leadership (two signs): state; under the general command of the chief military leader. 6. Association of people on a certain basis (two signs): a large number of people (united by a common feature: profession, social status, the same problem); proletariat / workers / workers. 

 The present research featured the semantics of expressivity of comparative phraseological units (CPU) in English, German, Russian, and Urdu. The authors studied the lexical components of comparative constructions in order to define the universal and the national in these languages. Comparative idioms can be described as the core of evaluativity. They were divided into groups, which revealed the cognitive stereotypes in the linguistic cultures under analysis. The  thematic  classification made it possible to analyze the productivity of meronyms  in CPU and compare the basic images of the English, German, Russian, and Urdu national linguistic cultures. The national specificity of comparative phraseology appeared to depend on the national-specific vocabulary, i.e. lexemes with special linguacultural significance or national realia. As a part of a phraseological comparative unit, realia lose part of their meaning, while maintaining the national aspect. Most CPU demonstrated negative evaluativity, which confirmed the universal semantic asymmetry of phraseology. 

 The research was based on the News on the Web Corpus (NOW). It featured political terms associated with the image of a container. The list of terms included caucus, democracy, election, federalism, hegemony, legislation, monopoly, policy, politics, populism and socialism. The English cryptotype "Res Continens" includes classifying constructions / collostructions of the characteristic word container, which makes it possible to refer particular nouns to this cryptotype. They are a full container, a container is full, an empty container, a container is empty, a container is filled (with smth), a container is deep, SVexist in / inside a container, VO / V in / into a container, VO / V out of a container, and a container contains. The article introduces some social abstractions that are habitually or occasionally associated with a container. The authors analyzed word tokens with the indicated lexical units in the corresponding collostructions, as well as processes of categorization of  these terms. Metaphorical units that define political phenomena were described as filled with some events or objects, full, empty, or deep;  something can be taken out of them or put in/into them; one can take some data out of them to learn their essence better, etc.  

 The research objective was to describe the Russian macroconcept of mother. The author analyzed its motivating and symbolic signs. The study was based on the National Corpus of the Russian language (www.ruscorpora.ru) and featured 15 etymological dictionaries. Nine out of 34 motivating signs could be identified as symbolic: creator, educator, Mother of God, head, earth, queen bee, start, reason, source. Most of the motivating signs indicated the antiquity of the macroconcept. Symbolic signs appeared to make up a quarter of the total volume of motivating signs. They can be combined into three groups: 1) (Divine) motherhood (four signs: creator, educator, Mother of God, earth); 2) foundation (three signs: start, reason, source); 3) superiority / leadership (two signs: head, queen bee). These three groups reflect the peculiarities of the Russian linguistic mentality, which preserved the memory of the cult of the Great Mother, reproduced first as the Mother Earth
and later as Theotokos. 

 The present research featured the image of Kuzbass and its metaphorization in the institutional administrative discourse of official websites of seventeen regional ministries (2018–2021). Anthropomorphic metaphors appeared
to dominate: the research revealed 137 anthropomorphic metaphors, which  represented Kuzbass, as well as its governing bodies. The anthropomorphic metaphor was considered from a holistic viewpoint, which covered its psychophysiological, socio-cultural, and socio-economic aspects. The study relied on standard methods of synthesis and analysis, as well as linguistic methods of contextual and stylistic analyses, while the lexeme Kuzbass was described based on some elements of content analysis. The obtained results can help the regional authorities to monitor the difference between the targeted image of Kuzbass and the real situation. The anthropomorphic image of the region demonstrated such psycho-physiological characteristics of a person as mental abilities, will, feelings, a desire for improvement, the ability to plan, etc. In the socio-cultural aspect, Kuzbass was metaphorically presented as a hospitable and cheerful person who has a family, keeps traditions, and loves holidays. In the socio-economic sense, Kuzbass was personified as a reliable business partner who thinks about their own well-being and the well-being of the country. 

The article describes the symbolic features of the concept happiness as part of the Russian linguaculture. The study made it possible to recreate the ideas, superstitions, and customs behind the concept of happiness. The author analyzed linguistic data obtained from the Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru) and classified them into four thematic blocks: 1) artifact symbols of happiness: horseshoe, straw shoes, objects of petty bourgeois life; 2) ornithological signs of happiness: mythical birds Alkonost / Sirin, bird of happiness, stork on the roof; 3) natural symbols of happiness: clear (peaceful) / seventh sky, flowers, rainbow in the sky; 4) ideological signs of happiness: Motherland, Stalin. Symbols and amulets, which combine mythology and everyday life, reflect the mentality of the Russian people with their desire to merge with nature.

 The research considered the pragmatic identity of modal markers in German, Russian, and Udmurt. The research objective was to describe the semantic and pragmatic properties of modal utterances in order to establish the functional equivalence of modal markers in these languages. The utterances with modal markers demonstrated a whole complex of lexical means that express modality, probably, because these languages are actively developing, while maintaining the identity and culture of the peoples they represent. The pragmatic features of modal markers were studied in the process of communication on the basis of linguistic and extralinguistic (contextual) factors. The modal markers expressed various feelings and emotional responses; they revealed semantic and pragmatic unity and were responsible for the differences in the communicative and pragmatic characteristics of the utterances. 

 The interpreter, in a hermeneutic perspective, plays an active role in explaining significations of a text and expressing their meanings according to a specific reading, understanding the text and making it understood, and being affected by it or affecting it. The text is analyzed regardless of the speaker/writer and their intentions and given a new meaning with the aim of expressing various implications and readings. Reflecting human lifestyles, modes of thinking, and interpretive modes in different periods and areas of life, proverbs are one of the deep-rooted literary forms and inseparable part of cultures, depicting habits, customs, and beliefs of nations. Studying proverbs can help us understand similarities and differences between cultures. For this reason, scholars have deployed proverbs in their writings to explain their ideas and make themselves understood. Using a descriptive method of content analysis and an author-centered literary hermeneutic approach, the present article strives to answer the important question as to whether or not the meaning of proverbs changes over time. It was concluded that proverbs are uninterpretable texts only aimed at conveying a meaning, concept, or knowledge in the form of simile, metaphor, or irony. Following a way similar to his predecessors’, the author of Amālī used proverbs to explicate a difficult word or phrase in a narrative, a report, or a couplet. The present study used the list of proverbs from Amālī al-Sharif al-Murtada researched by Muhammad Abolfazl Ebrahim and (re)published by Zavel-Ghorba Publication in 1431 A.H. / 1388 S.H. 

The article introduces delegitimization as a macro-strategy of non-professional political discourse. The author studied comments on the site of the American Fox News to analyze the strategy of rational pessimism chosen by its readers as recipients of political news about the new president of the United States Joe Biden. The delegitimization discourse in the genre of Internet comments to political news proved to combine rational text production, emotional message, and an appeal to universal values. The strategy of rational pessimism manifested itself in the ideologies of the crises of democracy and presidential power. These cognitive-discursive units were actualized by both the broad extralinguistic context, i.e. the current political situation, and the immediate context, i.e. the publication aimed at discrediting Biden’s policy. The commentators' arguments about problems in the sphere of politics, economics, and business determined the interdiscursive nature of communication. While expressing pessimistic moods and negative attitude to the political actions of the U.S.President and the Democratic Party, the commentators appealed to the value categories of personal and state security.

 The article features the way political discourse shapes the image of the region. The research was based on a number of speeches given by A. G. Tuleyev, the ex-governor of the Kemerovo Region. The author used the classification of communicative strategies and tactics developed by O. S. Issers. The strategies demonstrated a strong suggestive potential aimed at changing the values and worldview of the recipient while promoting the image of the territory and its main political figure. The speeches appeared to be quite expressive as they contained a lot of emotional vocabulary, which was almost completely absent from the original written texts. A. G. Tuleyev chose informative and incentive tactics, e.g. focus on the positive development of the region (22 %), campaigning tactics (15 %), and historical references (12 %). The ex-governor pursued several parallel goals, e.g. to describe the region as dynamic, attractive, and prosperous while demonstrating his care about the electorate and showing respect to people of hard labor. 

 The research was based on fifteen etymological and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language and featured the motivating signs of the macroconcept uchitel / uchenik (teacher / pupil). Conceptual, descriptive, and interpretive analyses revealed 46 motivating signs, which indicates the long history of the macroconcept. The signs constituted thirteen blocks: 1. Results of cognitive activity (expertise, knowledge, skills, views, and experience). 2. The process and result of learning (teach, instruct, hold classes, inculcate, enrich, acquire, preach, train, study, memorize, learn). 3. Methods of teaching (instruction, teaching). 4. Method of memorization (repeat, get used to, get used, be adjusted to). 5. Participants of the educational process (teacher, student, lecturer, learner, mentor, educator), head of teaching, cleric, novice). 6. Mode of behavior (custom) 7. Commitment (admirer, fan, follower). 8. Violent ways of teaching (beat, punish, force). 9. Science (science, scientist, learning). 10. Educational institutions (school, college). 11. Effort (try). 12. Trust (trust). 13. Learning activity (learning, learning activity, studies, curricular, lesson, schooling, textbook). The signs grew less numerous with time: the contemporary Russian linguistic worldview contains only 41 out of the original 46. 

 The article summarizes scattered data on the archaeological artifacts found in the forest-steppe of the Mariinsk area of Kuzbass and exhibited in various Russian museums. Kuzbass owes most of its archeological heritage to the Mariinsk forest-steppe. The present research made it possible to expand the source base for the corpus of archaeological sites in Kuzbass and introduce some new data about valuable artifacts from Kuzbass that are kept in museums all over Russia. The one and a half century of Mariinsk excavations can be divided into three periods. No items from the first period, i.e. the last quarter of XIX century, remained in Kuzbass museums. Artifacts from the second period are distributed between the Kuzbass State Museum of Local History, the Kemerovo State University Museum, and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Other archaeological collections from Mariinsk are to be found in the following museums: the State Historical Museum, the Hermitage, the museums of Archeology and Ethnography of Tomsk and Kemerovo State Universities, and the Museums of Local History of Kuzbass, Mariinsk, Leninsk-Kuznetskiy, and Tisul. The collections present a valuable source of new information about the history of Southern Siberia. 

 The article describes the contribution of L. R. Kyzlasov to the study of stone statues in Central Kazakhstan. During the field season of 1948, he researched more than ten statues in the valleys of the south-west and south-east of the Kazakh Uplands (Saryarka), as well as various structures they marked. In 1951, L. R. Kyzlasov described nine statues and related stone constructions as a complex and compared them with similar sites found in other regions while making an attempt to define their origin. Extra information was obtained from L. R. Kyzlasov’s field journal kept in the archive of the A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology and his field sketchbook, which was published in 2017. L. R. Kyzlasov researched stone monuments of all cultural and chronological groups in Saryarka, e.g. deer stones, statues of the Saka, Ancient Turkic, and Qipchag periods, etc. Like all such documents of his time, L. R. Kyzlasov’s archeological records are rather limited in information value; however, they remain highly relevant because the location of some of these sites is currently unknown. 

 The research traced the evolution of bibliographic indexes on trade, merchants, and entrepreneurship in Siberia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Bibliographic indexes are publications of a special type that carry valuable information, which makes them an integral part of Siberian studies. This material expands the existing ideas about the nature of the development of trade and economic activities of business people in Siberia. Bibliographic indexes are still popular as a convenient way of obtaining necessary information. Bibliographies of the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods have their own distinct features. The indexes under discussion coincided with the main stages of economic and social life in Siberia. They proved to be an important part of the history and culture of  Siberia. The number of published bibliographic products gradually increased, the publication process involved institutions, societies, researchers, and bibliographic movement. Indexes contributed to the development of historical science. Bibliographic thematic reflected the historical process. However, the historiography of the present issue needs further research and deserves a monograph. 

 The article deals with the population dynamics of the village of Chumay in the XIX – early XX centuries. The main research objective was to study statistical data and identify the causes and conditions that had a decisive impact on the demographic situation in Chumay during the period under review. The study was based on a critical analysis of published and unpublished historical sources. The reliability of the data was checked by comparing the arithmetic mean values. The analysis involved the number of houses and farms, the total number of residents, and their distribution by class, religion, and gender. The resettlement policy of the state and the associated natural growth proved to be the main factor that affected the population of Chumay. The population growth was associated with the permanent placement of exiles in Chumay. Voluntary  immigrants  from the inner provinces of Russia did not have a significant impact  on the local demography. The paper also introduces the average population of the Chumay household in the XIX – early XX centuries. 

 Soviet experience in developing women’s rights in the national regions can help the modern Russian state to build a democratic legal society. The present research featured the way the so-called women’s question was reflected in regional media. It was based on the relevant publications made in The Red Dagestan in the 1920s. The study relied on the principle of historicism, as well as on comparative-historical, descriptive, statistical, and systematic methods. The author focused on the regional features of the issue. A comprehensive analysis of the publications strengthened the positive trends in ensuring gender equality in Dagestan. However, by the end of the 1920s, this socio-political and socio-cultural problem remained unresolved. The authority and opinion of the male population continued to play the main role in Dagestan and other Muslim regions of the Soviet Union.