The paper examines the development of the Department of Archaeology at Kemerovo State University in 1998 – 2014, under the leadership of Doctor of History, Professor Vladimir V. Bobrov. The period of change and reforming of higher education left an impact on the Department’s development. On the one hand, the period, during which the Department has been headed by Professor Vladimir V. Bobrov, saw the peak of its potential development both in terms of quality and in quantitative composition, on the other hand, it witnessed the process of cutting down on the number of teaching staff and decrease in student recruitment in general and Archeology students in particular. Under Prof. Bobrov the formation of Kemerovo Scientific Archaeological School was completed.

The paper deals with some issues of ethno-political structure of Turk nomadic empires of middle 6th – the first half of the 8th century. The purpose of the work is to recreate the tribal hierarchy in Turk Khaganates, to determine the status of specific tribal alliances in the system of ethno-political grading of the Khaganates and to trace the transformations inside the tribal hierarchy during the Turks’ rule in Central Asia steppes (555 – 630, 689 – 744). Special attention is paid to the tribal alliances position in Mongolia at the stage of independent nomads alliances (647 – 580s). The research methods are based on the neo-evolutionistic classification of supratribal structures and constructivist theory of ethnos.
The research has resulted in an approximate structure of tribal hierarchies in Turk Khaganates and their changes dynamics during the 7th – first half of the 8th century. Such grading systems included up to 4–5 levels. After the dominating tribal alliance of Ashina, the highest status belonged to some tribes which were the base of the army. Such tribal alliances (Toquz Oghuz and Xueyantuo in the Eastern Turk Khaganate, Toquz Oghuz, Karluks and Basmyls in the Second Turk Khaganate) could play a double role: during the period of Turks’ might growing, they supported their governors, but in the crisis of Khaganates they became independent political unions capable to a direct confrontation with Turkic governors.

The paper investigates the methods for obtaining pigments that were widely used in the cave and open air rock art in Mesoamerica. Cueva la Conga (Nicaragua), the Casa de las Golondrinas (Guatemala) and Naj Tunich (Guatemala) are under consideration. The method of thermal hydrolysis methylation – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (THM-GC-MS) was used to test and compare the chemical compositions to determine whether any organic binders survived which could be dated. Problems of the pigments component dating are described. The outcome of the study provides data that showed that the analysis of Mesoamerican pigments can be used as a chronological indicator, and the paints for cave painting mainly consisted of mineral pigments.

The game is a universality of the human culture. Nevertheless, it is difficult to identify its traces through the archaeological record so it is impossible to reconstruct the rules, teams of participants and space of activity. The main available source for the Ural Bronze Age can be the material attributes of the games (astragals, miniature ceramic item setc.). A part of them has the direct evidence of children’s participation in their making. Judging by the substituted data, the game element was also included in the hunting activity, training of charioteers and fisticuffs because the game was a vital part of life not only for the children but also for the adults. The main body of evidence was discovered during the excavation of the settlements but the archaeologists did not consider these artefacts as a special category of items or did not interpret them as game attributes. Our work starts filling this gap.

The paper introduces into scientific use the materials of the research done on the unique funerary monument of the Early Iron Age – the mound number 6 with a statue of the cemetery Aybas Darasy 3. With the radiocarbon method the burial – one crouched skeleton without any inventory – was dated within the first quarter of the 8th – the last third of the 5th centuries BC. The authors characterize the signs of similarity of Aybas Darasy statue with early Scythian ones; identify correspondence of the depicted object to the real attribute (dagger) in the iconography of the Early Iron Age statues from Saryarka. The assumption about the connection between the burial with the statues is validated (the repeated finding of statues in the context of the Early Iron Age mounds, common direction of the statue’s front face and the buried person’s head, etc.). Comparison of the published site was made with similar sites of the 5th century BC from the South Ural steppes, statues of Saryarka and steppes of the Southern Ural. It is concluded that the appearance of Saryarka statues, like the South Ural ones, was associated with the "Scythian" cultural influence.

The paper deals with the development of the Neolithic complexes in Western Siberia from the Tobol river to the Kuznetsk Basin. For a long time it has been considered that the forming of the West Siberian Neolithic complexes was based on the Mesolithic ones, rooted in the local Paleolith. It is traditionally thought that pottery production in this area arose independently, and the most ancient ceramics is sharp-pointed and round-bottomed vessels with a receding and drawn-line decoration. However, the discovery and research of complexes of Boborykino culture in the past decade to the east of the Urals allowed to change the conception of the formation and development of the West Siberian Neolith. For understanding these issues the materials of the settlements on Lake Mergen in Low Ishim basin, Avtodrom 2/2 in the forest-steppe Baraba and Inya 11 in the Salair Ridge area (Prisalairie) have great significance. They allow us to trace the process of Boborykino groups moving to the east and the internal development in migrant communities.
Formation and development of Neolithic culture in Western Siberia and the migration process took place at the end of the Boreal and the beginning of Atlantic Holocene period, which is characterized by a gradual increase aridity of the climate and steppe formation landscape. At first Boborykino sites were located on river and lake terraces, and later they were constructed in floodplains, by river beds and lakes shoreline. These complexes on the coast of Lake Mergen are dated by the Atlantic period (Ki 17070 7290 ±140 BP; OxA 27615 7321 ±33 BP; OxA 27706 7147 ±38 BP). The pottery of the Boborykino and Koshkino cultures from settlements of Lake Mergen is similar to the Avtodrom 2/2 ones. On the other hand in the complex of the Avtodrom 2/2 there are vessels with an ornament in the form of oval depressions similar to decoration on ceramics of the Inya 11 site. They noted the similarity between ceramics of Inya 11 and Mergen 7 which have the same form of vessels and ornamentation in receding technique. Materials of the settlement date to the mid-Atlantic Holocene period (SOAN 8897 5790±115 BP; SOAN 8898 5705±95 BP, SOAN 8899 5765 ±95 BP).
According to the considered complexes, the process of Western Siberian forest-steppe Neolithic societies formation was based on the interaction between migrants and local population of pre-pottery period.

The participation of the local Eneolithic population in the process of formation of the Elunino culture had already been reflected in the scientific literature. The available materials suggest that the Eneolithic population of North Kulunda participated in the formation of the Early Bronze Age cultures of the Altai and adjacent territories. This is clearly visible when comparing the materials of «Utkul» group sites of the Early Bronze Age on the right bank of the BarnaulBiysk Ob’ River Region and the Eneolithic settlements in North Kulunda: Novoilinka-III and Novoilinka-VI.
In the settlements of the Eneolithic in North Kulunda only ceramics with a round or sharp bottom was found. At the Early Bronze Age settlements of Barnaul-Biysk Ob’ River Region, all ceramics is flat-bottomed. The technique of ornamentation in Early Bronze Age and Eneolithic ceramics differ. The prevailing ornamentation for the Eneolithic ceramics is the retreating stick with picking elements. The Early Bronze Age ceramics is ornamented with serrated-stamp prints. The prints of this stamp applied retreat and pacing.
Thus, similarities can be traced in the scheme of ornamental ceramics of the Eneolithic settlement in North Kulunda and Early Bronze Age sites of Barnaul-Biysk Ob River Region.

The paper is devoted to the origins and semantics of the ornamental plot prevailing in the East Andronovo area. The Arkaim-Sintashta prototype of the cannelure-“herringbone” compositions was determined. The author proves the original meaning of such ornamentation dating back to the Indo-Iranian community that the universe was supported by a one-legged goat.

Metal objects of Seima-Turbino and Samus-Kihzirovo types show active involvement of the Northern Eurasia population in the system of relations of Late Bronze Age cultures. This paper focuses on the finds made in the Trans Urals. The authors gather here the information scattered in different publications as well as publish the recent findings and present the options for their cultural and chronological attribution.

The paper describes the main stages in the metalworking development of Western Siberian archaeological cultures during the Early Metal period and the Early Iron Age. The formation of the most ancient metalworking here is associated with two blocks of cultures: steppe cultures (alien stock-breeders of the Yamnaya and the Afanasievo cultures) and aboriginal ones (hunters and fishermen of cultures with “comb geometrical” decoration on pottery). At the early stages of the Bronze Age the metalworking in Western Siberian cultures had been mainly developing in the system of West Asian (Eurasian) metallurgical province. Only during the Late Bronze Age at the East and South-East periphery of this system (Irmen culture) production centers of East Asian (Central Asian) metallurgical provinces began playing a significant role. Metalworking during the Early Iron Age had been developing in close relationship with the cultural-historical processes of the period. Import of raw materials and products from the Altai and Kazakhstan still dominated. But as for the Trans-Urals (Sargut, Gorokhovo, Sarmatian cultures), one can note a significant influx of copper from the Itkul production centres.

The paper substantiates the idea of a National Park on the basis of the unique set of objects of historical, cultural and natural heritage in Kemerovo region, near the village of Shestakovo; the scientific concept and the stages of its creation and development are introduced. Shestakovo complex should turned into a museum by highly-qualified specialists.

Archeological sites of the Northern Angara (the area of the present Boguchanskaya Power Station water storage reservoir) of the Paleometal Epoch rather often contain the objects that appear to have had a cult meaning for the local inhabitants in ancient times. Among such objects, we can note a number of objects made of iron and bronze. The objects were found in the graves at the burial-site of Ust-Kova in this region.

The paper deals with some issues of cultural and chronological interpretation of the earliest burial cremations in the forest Tomsk Ob' River region – early burials of Tomsk burial ground, Old Muslim cemetery, Samus' burial ground, Baturinsky Island burial ground; the author considers the historiography of the issue in the Russian archaeological publications of the 1950s – 2000s. The attribution of Novokuskovo and Igrekovo burial mounds to the late NeolithicEneolitic period is proved by the data of planigraphy, comparative study and the results of radiocarbon dating. Based on the burial complexes material, the author describes a possible plot of cultural interaction between autochthonous Upper Ob' populations (Kiprino, Irbino, Novokuskovo cultures) and people coming from forest areas of Western Siberia (Igrekovo cultural community).

One of the areas of study of folk tales is to determine the origin of individual motifs. Usually in the process of this study historical, ethnographic and folklore sources are appealed to. The paper illustrates the use of archaeological materials in the search for the historical roots of the formation of individual motifs of fairy tales, including the story "SivkoBourko." We analyze two motifs: "reaching the goal through the ear" and "horse in the basement." The possibility of foreign origin is revealed. For the analysis of the motif of "reaching the goal through the ear" a Nart epos episode and Scythian images curled predators were considered.
The motif of "horse in the basement" was had been studied by V. Propp. The analysis of archaeological materials served to clarify the possible ways of its origin. The study showed that the motif of "horse in the basement" and the formation of the miraculous image of the horse-assistant in Russian fairy tales may be influenced by the traditions of special horse burials which existed in the culture of the southern steppe nomadic tribes.
The paper shows how these motifs may have appeared in the Russian folklore. The analysis of archaeological materials led to the conclusion about the antiquity of the origin of the considered motifs.

The paper is devoted to the problems of reconstruction of things symbolism in ancient painting of West Siberia. The bronze age was the time when images of things represented the man as homo instrumentalis. The world of things in painting represented the new image of the world. The mythology of things was formed.

The recently obtained data on specific bronze daggers that were discovered either beyond archaeological context or in hoards in Northern and Central Asia are analyzed in the paper. There are only three cases when such daggers were discovered in situ in the tombs of the Krotovo culture at Sopka 2/4 B, C burial ground in Baraba forest-steppe. The recently generated radiocarbon datings make it possible to correlate the daggers with the Seima-Turbino cultural phenomenon and date them to the Middle Bronze period.

Recently, the issue of neolitization of Transurals is dominated by two basic concepts that are opposed to each other: the sequencing of traditions as Koshkino-Boborykino by V. T. Kovaleva and as Boborykino-Koshkino by V. A. Zakh. Kozlovo complexes of early Neolithic (by V. T. Kovaleva) are attributed to the late Neolithic with Poludenka materials (by V. A. Zakh). The comb tradition of decorating ceramic pots has been regarded as a component of the late (final) Neolithic or already as part of the Aeneolithic. Both concepts are based on sometimes contradictory stratigraphic situations and single (also sometimes contradictory) radiocarbon dates. The goal is to attempt to consider the periodization of the Neolithic in these regions, in accordance with the new data of radiocarbon dating. Based on the analysis of all the available radiocarbon dates we can say that the Neolithic period of the Transurals was generally within VI – V millennia BC. and included two phases: the Early Neolithic (Koshkino and Kozlovo tradition) – the end of the VII–VI millennia BC, and the Late Neolithic (Poludenka and Boborykino tradition) – V millennium BC. In the forest-steppe Irtysh area periodization we can identify two stages: the Early Neolithic with single artifacts from burials and the Late Neolithic with two traditions – Boborykino and Artyn.

The  paper  notes  that  the  thopic  of  the  morphological  analysis  of  vessels  remains  weakly  elaborated  so  far. A. Shepard’s expanded technique of studying proportionality vessels, the program of statistical processing of ceramics developed by V. F. Hening, A. A. Bobrinskiy’s method of selecting "habitual" forms and "imitation shapes" are still poorly used by the scientific community, or are not applied. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the morphology of the Andronovo ceramics landfill facility Elovskii II, made by V. F. Gening’s method based on 162 vessels. The average image of the Andronovo culture vessel of the monument is registered. New directions of using the results of the methodology are proposed. The artifacts similar in all (parameters) are analyzed. It is suggested that this group of receptacles was constructed within a single dynamic stereotype, they could have been made by a single craftsman or a narrow range of potters (relatives). The planografic map of the graves of the Andronovo burial complex Elovskii II is composed. The authors note the time proximity of the burials and simultaneous functioning of different parts of the burial ground. It is noted that the products of one "master" were used not only in the graves of close relatives, but also in those of other members of the given community.

The terne plates with repoussed images of different themes are very rare findings in the north of Western Siberia and represent a specific and independent phenomenon. The plate with the image of the horseman was found at the Nyalinsk-1 fort (KhMAD-Yugra) in 2006. It is an object of Russian native arts and crafts, which which was intended for realization among the aboriginal people of Western Siberia. The paper provides a detailed description of the image on the plate and offers the variants of the theme interpretations. More than likely, the image of the rider on the horse is associated with the tradition of Russian Orthodox arts, and the plate appeared in the north of Western Siberia due to Christianization at this territory. Probably, the fort represents the Khanty sacrarium, and the plate appeared there as a result of oblation. The dating of the plate is discussed and the most probable variant supposes that it relates to the 16th – 17th centuries. The plate could have been made in one of the trade centres in the East European part of Russia and taken to the West Siberian territory. But its local (Siberian) origin in the forming Russian trade community is possible.

The paper is devoted to the classification criteria and the possible explanations of accompanying ritual complexes from the barrow burial grounds of the Irmen culture. A few variants of classification are supposed: based on either the location, or the content (structure), or the ritual action. The location of the ritual complex remains provides an indication when the ceremony took place. The complex composition gives the opportunity to differentiate the oblation and funeral feast remains. The traces of various actions (embedment, combustion, damage to the things) evidence the ritual character of the complex. The materials of 16 barrow burial grounds permitted to define the different types of ritual complexes: in the ditches, in the sacrificial pits, in the earth fills of the barrows. These complexes are associated with various structural elements of the funeral and memorial ritualism: burial space organization, oblations in the course of the mortuary affairs and the memorial feasts upon their completion.

The paper deals with the chronology of the Late Bronze Age Altai. Both single and serial radiocarbon dates for the archaeological cultures of the reviewed the period are presented. It was found that the boundaries of the reported period, derived from radiocarbon chronology, do not correspond to traditional archaeological theories. The earliest uncalibrated dates attribute the Late Bronze Age sites to the 16th  century BC, and the end of the Age to the 10th  century BC. The comparison of the obtained results with the data of adjacent territories showed coincidence in basic chronological lines.

The paper discusses the bronze crescent-shaped bebut daggers of the Early Iron Age in the Northern Angara Region. The authors present the results of scientific research of the bebut daggers belonging to the Tsepan culture. The daggers were discovered in the burial complexes belonging to the cultural layers of Early Iron Age sites. The material of museum collections and archives sources were also used. A new block of sources belonging to the archeology of the Early Bronze Age in Siberia is introduced into scientific use. It makes it possible to determine the origin of bebut daggers, to trace their evolution, to specify their chronology and the period of use on the territory of the Northern Angara Region. The authors made use of the historical reconstruction method and the method of comparative typology. They also present spectral analysis data of ancient bronze and radiocarbon analysis of carbon and birchbark. The results obtained make it possible to broaden and specify our idea of life and activities of the taiga populace living in the Northern Angara Region during the first millennium BC.

The paper considers some bronze art objects, basically – openwork belt plates, one of the brightest components of Xiongnu cultural complex (2nd century BC – 1st century AD). The main aim is to trace the distribution of these objects in various regions where they were found, in the context of historical events associated with formation of the Xiongnu state. According to the published materials the author gives a brief review of such findings in each region, such as Ordos, Mongolia, Transbaikalia, Tuva, Altai, Minusinsk basin, etc., as well as reveals their specific features. The analysis conducted allows the following conclusion: the owners of such “ceremonial” belts decorated with bronze plates of the considered type occupied a certain socially oriented position as “conductors” of Xiongnu culture in local societies, and these bronze art objects themselves may be considered as sort of markers, generally outlining Northern boundaries of the Xiongnu state.

The theme of motherhood and fertility in general in the rock art of Minusinsk basin is discussed. Some individual scenes involving animals and anthropomorphic female characters are considered in detail, Especially the newly found scene with a woman in labor (Tepsey II). The conclusion is the notion on time frame of such scene creation and its meaning in the ancient community.

The paper presents a systematization of the complex of metal adornments from the Bronze Age and reveals some regularities in distribution of these artifacts. The areas of the adornment types and their chronological attribution are defined. For the territory of Kuznetsk-Salair mountain region during the Developed Bronze Age, the most specific feature is the almost complete absence of bronze production in the burial assemblage (apart from the bronze beads located usually next to the ankle joints of the buried). On the territory of the steppe and forest-steppe Altai the main types of metal and bimetal adornments are recorded, which are typical for the Eastern area of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) complexes. On the territory of Baraba forest-steppe and in the Ob basin in Novosibirsk region, the so called earrings with bell mouth are not known in the Krotovo complexes. Analysis of the Andronovo adornments from the sites in the Ob basin in Tomsk region revealed a presence of analogies to the assemblage of the Krotovo period in the Baraba foreststeppe zone and of the Andronovo culture at the Altai: bracelets and rings with spiral finials. A characteristic feature for the burial assemblage of the Irmen culture is the presence of removable adornments which were not widely spread in the west areas, such as grooved bracelets and rings with the same design for the surface. The distinctive feature is a presence of rings “with a shield”, which are typical for the Karasuk culture of the Middle Yenisei basin. The typological-morphological analysis of removable adornments allowed revealing the objects that are specific for the Irmen culture such as nail-shaped pendants and bracelets which endings decorated with “pearls”.

During the Late Pleistocene, Mongolia was probably a land of many population dispersals. The cultural shifts observed in archeological sequences document some of these events. Two lines of Upper Paleolithic development have been defined: industries rooted in the local Middle Paleolithic and intrusive assemblages from Siberia. At Orkhon-1, (Horizon 3 – Pits 1, 2) in Central Mongolia and Kharganyn-Gol-5, Horizons 7-6, in Northern Mongolia, transitional assemblages are characterized by the coexistence of Levallois with blade technology. The paper is devoted to stone tool kit analysis of cultural Horizons 4 – 7 from Kharganyn-Gol-5 site in Northern Mongolia. According to radiocarbon dating, the age of cultural Horizon 5 is older than 40,000 BP. The lower Horizons 6-7 contain the side-scrapers, Levallois retouched blanks and spur-like tools. Probably, these complexes can be related to Terminal Middle Paleolithic. Horizon 5 is characterized by combination of Middle Paleolithic Levallois tradition in primary flaking and Upper Paleolithic tool types, such as backed bladelets and can be determined as typical for Initial Upper Paleolithic. Tool assemblage of Horizon 4 is characteristic for the Early Upper Paleolithic. The assemblages of Kharganyn-Gol-5 site give the opportunity to define the complex of cultural attributes, which characterizes the Middle Paleolithic of Northern Mongolia.

The paper examines the hypothesis about the influence of rock art of the Sayano-Altai mountains on the formation of Kulaika cult metal. A brief overview of bronze casting from different regions of the Kulaika cultural-historical community shows that its roots lie in the local tradition, traceable up to the Bronze Age. The appearance of petroglyphs in Kulaika style on the banks of the Tom river may indicate the migration of Kulaika population in the region or thecontacts with Kulaika world.

The problem of estrangement of labour is the most topical in our time. In Russia this problem has the historical specifics. The author of the paper examines A. A. Zinoviev’s conception of “communal society” and the evolution of his views in the post-soviet time, describes S. G. Kara-Murza’s conception of forming, development and collapse of the Soviet society. Contemporary capitalist society after the collapse of the Soviet communism is a capitalist service-rent society. In this society we can see the strengthening of the estrangement of labour. The author also examines the creative work in the contemporary capitalist society within R. Florida’s and H. Arendt’s conceptions. The problem-historiographical investigation discovers some historical specifics of the estrangement of labour and the creative work in the Soviet and post-Soviet societies.

The paper analyzes the 1946 and 1948 rulings of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) on ideological issues, their discussion and implementation in Novosibirsk Region. The need for post-war reconstruction of the Soviet economy and foreign policy and the prevailing foreign policy situation demanded consolidation of the society. The sphere of culture and art was the most approachable for the mass consciousness due to its imagery and ease of perception, so the first steps of the state in strengthening the ideological control were focused on it. The present research was based on archival documents and materials of periodicals. The author reveals the value of the rulings of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) and their implementation in Novosibirsk Region.

The paper analyzes the focus and the content of the contemporary Tomsk Region municipal rural libraries’ work on the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. The source base of this study includes analytical reports and local records of libraries, materials of library web sites, and published works. The study identified the main forms and methods used by libraries for preserving the region’s cultural heritage, its actualization, and their attempts to bring culture preservation to the attention of the population. These include: establishment of funds of local history documents and archives of unpublished materials on the history of the region and the villages of the area; development of electronic local history resources; publishing work; creation of local history museums and local history interpretations; organization of working clubs and creative associations; seminars, exhibitions, competitions, and meetings with writers, scholars, and public figures. The experience of Tomsk Region libraries can be used in practical activities of rural libraries of other regions.

The paper reveals the evolution of the system of military patriotic education of teenage youth before and at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, attention is paid to the features of this system’s activity in Ordzhonikidzevsky (Stavropol) Kray.

The subject of the research is the re-evacuation process. The purpose of the paper is to set forth and substantiate the author’s view of a very important and problematical component of the re-evacuation process – its periodization. The research was performed in accordance with the basic principles of historical science. The author implements the principles of historicism by studying the development, interaction and changes of the processes under discussion. The author used various sources in order to make a comprehensive study of the issue in accordance with the principle of objectivity. The problematic-chronological method used for the research allowed to retrace the dynamics of the processes. The author notes that the re-evacuation problem in general and the challenging issue of its periodization in particular appear to be understudied so far. The author substantiates the necessity of starting the recovery of the national economy and thus starting the re-evacuation of specialists. The author develops and substantiates the re-evacuation process periodization and concludes that there existed a very close connection between re-evacuation and recovery processes, and that re-evacuation process periodization cannot be regarded apart from periodization of the national economy recovery.

The research focuses on the re-evacuation of agriculturalists from Western Siberian caused by the necessity of the restoration of agricultural industry in the country’s areas liberated from the enemy’s occupation. So the strengthening of the country’s economical and military power was dependent on this to a significant extent. The objective of the paper is to elicit the state of the human resources, the mechanisms of the performing the activity in its main directions, its extent and results. The research performed in accordance with the basic principles of historical science. The paper allows us to see that the work was preceded by great preparative efforts of the centre and locally. The attention of the authorities was focused on the issues of specialists’ re-evacuation. We accentuated the tensity of the tasks, the hardness of their implementation, their disadvantages and results. The author concludes that despite all the difficulties the tasks of specialists re-evacuation were fulfilled, but it led to serious consequences for the social and economic development of the region.

The paper analyses the process of forming the legal basis for modernization of the Soviet economy, the emergence of new elements of cooperatives movement and individual enterprise. The author considers them as values of the era of Perestroika and comes to the conclusion that the period of was 1987–1989 characterized by superficial modernization, when some elements of the market economy were observed: cooperatives and individual labour activity, but structural changes did not appear in the economy of the USSR.

The paper discusses the processes related to the phased disestablishment of the Ingush autonomy by the Soviet authorities represented by Comrade Stalin. The author provides the arguments and facts confirming the illegality of the Soviet authorities’ decision to eliminate the Ingush autonomy. The topic was addressed in the works of many researchers in Ingushetia, but they discuss mostly the individual stages of depriving the Ingush of their statehood. Basing on the analysis and synthesis of the published literature sources, the author attempts to provide an overall picture of the phased disestablishment of the Ingush autonomy.

The paper focuses on the causes, characteristics and place of the Ingush national movement as a whole and its individual members in particular for the formation of the modern Republic of Ingushetia in the context of the events that took place in the country in the second half of the 1980s – early 1990s covered. The topic of the Ingush national movement was addressed in the works of many Ingush authors. However, those works either mention the movement in the context of the events that occurred in the Republic in the late 1980s – early 1990s XX century or refer to the role of individual members of the national movement. In contrast, this paper considers the Ingush national movement as a factor that changed the people’s future.

Changes caused by modernization affected all sectors of society and almost all aspects of its life. Last but not least, the institution of the family was affected as well. The emerging working class was in the vanguard of this process. The changes were due to new requirements defined by the life in the industrialized society. One of these changes was almost universal decrease in the size of workers’ families, including those in Western Siberia. For the relative majority of the studied groups of workers, the reasons for this change are obvious, while some other groups require further study. One of such groups is the Altai district workers of the former artisan Cabinet. Population size of former artisans’ families was about on par with other workers. But the authors believe that the reasons for this obvious similarity were different. In the first case we are dealing with the consequences of the previous pre-industrial non-economic method of exploiting the Cabinet artisans, in much the same way as the serfs. This situation was not conducive to the growth of family size since the pre-industrial times, and therefore, the process of modernization could not be the cause of low family size in this category of workers.

In the period of late Stalinism (1945 – 1953), the participants of the Civil War on the side of the White movement remained a category of the population controlled by the authorities. Boris Iljich (Ber Eljich) Fuchs (1897 – 1973) was Doctor of Medical Science, Professor, Head of Surgery Department at Stalin (Novokuznetsk) State Medical Refresher Institute in 1952 – 1973, founder of Novokuznetsk Surgery School. In 1919, B. I. Fuchs, a student of Tomsk University, was mobilized to A. V. Kolchak’s army and served there for several months as a warrant doctor in Krasnoyarsk military hospital. Later, this very fact became a discreditable one for the doctor. It was mentioned when B. I. Fuchs was going to join the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks in 1951; together with the other “negative” information it was used against the scientist during the “Doctors’ Case” in 1953. For the first time this paper reconstructs B. I. Fuchs’ biography drawing much attention to the consequences of the “White” past and to the “Doctors’ Case” events. The documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of Tomsk Region, the State Archive of Kemerovo Region, the State Archive of Kemerovo Region in Novokuznetsk, the Archive of Novokuznetsk State Medical Refresher Institute were the base for the research.

The paper discusses the process of formation of the penitentiary system in Kuzbass in the years of the Civil War and the first years of Soviet power. The author has identified an element of continuity in the activities of these institutions in various historical conditions.

The political approach of the Socialists-Revolutionists party to the problem of labour in the late 1918 – 1919; and the evolution of their tactics on the above mentioned issue in Siberia in the period of Kolchak’s power is regarded. The paper investigates the practical activity of the ruling party authorities and the Socialists-Revolutionists organizations in Siberia; the forms and methods of the Socialists-Revolutionists’ illegal work in this period are described. It is highlighted that since autumn 1919 the position of the Siberian Socialists-Revolutionists organizations concerning labour has not conformed to the directives of the Party’s Central Committee. The fact that in the period of Kolchak’s power Siberian socialists-revolutionists begin to actively appeal to the proletariat as their support among workers is proved on the basis of previously published and new archival documents.

Local public authority in one of the biggest Siberian regions – Tomsk province – in the period of the Civil War (when it was one of the forms of participatory democracy) is characterized in the paper. The changes in the legal basis of the local public authority during the War are shown as well as its structure and functions. The relations among local public authority, government, parties and non-governmental organizations are analyzed too. It is proved that local public authority in the period of the “Democratic Counterrevolution” played a vital role in the political life of the province, pretending to be independent in some cases, but its functions were limited by administrative frames in the conditions of the War. After the reset of Soviet power, local public authority was abandoned and its functions were given to the Soviet authority.

The paper presents the characteristic of different classes’ activities (congresses, conferences and councils of political parties and non-governmental organizations) in the period of the “Democratic Counterrevolution” (June – November 1918) and the Civil War. Congresses and conferences are analyzed as one of the key elements of society formation and activity that had significant influence on the state administration bodies, reauthorization and society selforganization. On the basis of the statistical analyses, it is proved that the number of congresses, conferences and councils decreased greatly in the researched period (from March 1917) compared to the previous period. That fact signifies, on the one hand, the democratic liberties limitation by the government, and, on the other hand, decreasing the society’s political activities. The following tendencies in the internal structure of the civic movement are observed in the researched period: the activity of local public authority was renewed, while the activity of the Soviet bodies was prohibited, the Socialists-Revolutionaries (SRs) and the Mensheviks became more active, at the same time, the Bolsheviks went underground, the Oblastniks, the clergy and businesspeople began to participate in the civil movement considerably. The tendency is registered to decrease the involvement of trade union movement into policy, the antagonism between professional workers and working people is observed. Being the center of Siberian legislative power, Tomsk became the center of the Siberian civil movement in the researched period. Most of Siberia-wide and regional congresses and conferences were held in Tomsk. The activity of democratic institutions (in some limited type) is proved to have continued longer than in other regions of Siberia.

The present study addresses the problem of historical memory in the context of the Garin-Mikhailovskys family chronicle. A comprehensive study of the prominent representatives of Russia and Russian Diaspora is of scientific interest for a number of Humanities. The paper is another attempt to approach the cultural heritage of our outstanding compatriots, to learn the little-known biographical details of the Garin-Mikhailovskys dynasty members.

The functioning of anti-Bolshevik governments’ prisons in the years of the Civil War (1918 – 1922) was addressed in a number of research papers. Soviet historiography contains a considerable number of works, covering the brutal detention regime. However, there are not enough studies of the everyday work of prisons. Little is known about the regulatory framework, structure, subordination, management and staff of these institutions. This publication is intended to give an idea of the chiefs of prisons in Eastern Siberia.

The paper contains an analysis of emigration from Russia, which was caused by the revolutions of 1917 and the Civil War (1918-1922). The authors have collected and compiled the data not only on the total number of departures; the paper provides information about the countries of settlement, the social composition of immigrants, the reasons for their departure. The authors found that remigration began nearly at the same time as well. Many representatives of culture, science, ordinary Russians returned home. The authors were able to trace their fate. The role of the Russian Orthodox Church is analyzed. Diverse activities assisting the provision of emigrants during the hunger in Russia are studied. The paper reveals the activities of the Soviet special services against prominent representatives of the military emigration and their organizations.

The paper is written on the basis of a rare type of sources: and statistical blanks and questionnaires prisoners of Irkutsk provincial prison in 1920, the analysis of the sources content allows understanding who became enemies of the Soviet government immediately after the defeat of the White movement.

The paper addresses the activity of the Ural Provisional regional government and the Siberian Provisional government on reformation of schools (summer – autumn 1918) on territory of Perm province in the conditions of the Civil War and the Revolution. In the short time of these authorities’ existence attempts were undertaken to reform school life, relying on the local organs of self-government and the public.

The particular features of «White» Siberia population’s perception of American interventionists are considered in the paper on the basis of the analysis of the non-Bolshevik periodical press of Siberia and the Far East of the Civil War period. The paper attempts to reconstruct and analyze the image of American interventionists in the press, to define the degree of the influence of this image on the public opinion in Siberia and the Far East. The paper traces the evolution of the attitude of the Siberian and Far Eastern press to the American presence in the East of Russia, and concludes, first, of the gradual deterioration of the image of American soldiers in the press, and of the increasing antipathy towards them in the society. Second, the author makes a conclusion of the contradictory and ambiguous attitude of both the periodical press and the public to the American interventionists, which was reflected in a negative attitude to the American troops against the background of the positive perception of economic and humanitarian aid from the U. S.

The paper presents a general characteristic of historiographical studies of the questions of economic development of the region in the “White Siberia” press. The sources of the historiographical information are disclosed, a number of most active authors on this topic is revealed, the geography of their main publications is listed. The positions on historiography periodization are generalized, the institutional bases of mass media in the borders of “White” Siberia are analyzed. Some variants of classifying the periodicals are revealed, the leading motive of the periodical press is noted. Researches allowed concluding of the value of mass media information for developing particular topics within economic issues.

The paper addresses the problem of drunkenness, disorders, violations of military discipline in the 1st Yenisei Cossack Regiment during the Civil War. The paper presents the orders for punishing the Regiment’s soldiers in cases of various offenses and crimes that hindered the military mission performance and sometimes led to surrendering settlements to the Red partisans without striking a blow. The paper focuses on the measures taken by the Regiment commanders to restore discipline and eliminate the negative occurrences among the Cossacks and the officers of the Regiment.

The paper analyses the information about soldiers and officers of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia from Crimean Karaites communities who took part in the Civil War. The information on the Karaites’ participation in World War I and the Civil War is scattered in scientific and local history literature. However, it should be noted that these data are not complete and have a fragmentary character; in some cases, there are some factual mistakes and inaccuracies. The paper aims at reconstructing the biographies of the Karaites-servicemen of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia in that period. Archive documents kept in the funds of Taurida and Odessa Karaite Religious Division of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea (Simferopol), collections on statistics dating to the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries, data from various bibliographic reference books, memoirs of military operations participants and the materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals were used during the work on this paper.
A significant number of Karaites fought in the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia in 1918–1920. Many were killed in battles against the Red Army and the Bolshevik «Red» terror; some managed to leave the Crimean peninsula. An important task in the study of this issue is the continued search for and reconstruction of biographies of the Karaites who were in the ranks of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia. A promising direction in the study of this problem is the collection of historical data, materials, periodicals, memoirs and participants in the events of 1918–1920.

The paper focuses on the emotional aspect of renewing the celebration of the Day of Holders of St. George’s Cross and the practice of conferring St. George’s Orders in the White army in the East. The author comes to a conclusion that the authorities were not able to create an award system, complying with the demands of the Revolution period. Renewal of the Imperial award system, in spite of the propaganda, did not create a proper emotional effect on the army and еру civil population. It undermined the prestige of the authorities among some military men and civilians and made it possible for the opposition to blame the authorities of restoration strategy.

The paper considers the biography of Major-General N. N. Sobolevsky, the head of the escort guard in the penitentiary system of anti-Bolshevik governments in Siberia. The author notes Sobolevsky’s military service, including fighting in World War I, the socio-political views, work as Head of the Transit Office of the Prison Department and Chief Inspector for Transit of Prisoners of the Main Board for Places of Detention of the Ministry of Justice during the Civil War, and life in exile in China. In addition, the paper provides some information on the managerial staff of guard commands and procedures for evacuation from Omsk in August 1919.

The paper describes the public organizations created by the Russian officers in Harbin after they had left Russia during and after the Civil War. Biographical information of the most active public figures is given with the special attention to their literature works and publishing activities. The paper is based on sources from the emigrant periodicals, foreign archives documents, and the Russian officers’ personal files.

The paper provides new information about the professors of the higher school in the Far East who came to Vladivostok along with other Civil War refugees and left the city to emigrate after the War. Analyzing their research and teaching activity we can conclude of the high creative potential of intelligentsia migrants who contributed to the scientific and educational development in the region, as well as about their fruitful activity in the emigration.

The paper is devoted to the little-known page of the history of the Civil War in Siberia. The author provides a detailed description of the life of Siberian Cadet Corps during the critical period in Russian History. The paper suggests convincing proof for the anti-Bolshevik orientation of the young students of this institution. Subsequently, many of them rose in the ranks of the Russian White Army, and then went into exile through China to the Balkans.