Assimilation of the Chulym Turkic People by the Russians in the First Half of the XIX Century: the case of the Kolmogorov Family from Chumay Village
https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-20-33
Abstract
The article deals with the assimilation of Siberian indigenous peoples by the first Russian settlers in the north of the Kemerovo region. The research was based on the historical and genealogical methods and featured a microhistorical analysis of a particular settlement of the Chulym Turkic people who lived in the Kiya river basin in the first half of the XIX century. The paper introduces the case of the Kolmogorov family of old-timers from the village of Сhumay (Chebulinsky municipal district of the Kemerovo region). The author studied memoirs and parish documents to trace the changes in the status of the Kolmogorovs: from representatives of the indigenous peoples who paid a regular tribute in furs (yasak) to peasants. The research also helped to define the borders of the yasak territories and establish the conditions that encouraged the yasak-payers to settle down as peasants. The exposure to peasantry and Russification was a long stage: it took the Kolmogorovs 25 years to enter the peasant community of Сhumay village. Moreover, the process was small-scale and random in the period under review.
About the Author
O. Yu. Kuzmin
Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Kemerovo
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Oleg Yu. Kuzmin
Kemerovo
References
1. Russian old-timers of Siberia: Historical and anthropological essay, eds. Bunak V. V., Zolotariova I. M. Moscow: Nauka, 1973, 190. (In Russ.)
2. Shchapov A. P. Works. St. Petersburg: Izd. M. V. Pirozhkova, 1908, vol. 3, 718. (In Russ.)
3. Shashkov S. S. Historical sketches. St. Petersburg: Izd. N. A. Shigina; Tip. A. Morigerovskogo, 1872, vol. 2, 349. (In Russ.)
4. Iadrintsev N. M. Siberian foreigners, their way of life, and the current state. St. Petersburg: Izd. I. M. Sibiriakova; Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova, 1891, 308. (In Russ.)
5. Potanin G. N. The needs of Siberia. Siberian city. Siberia, its current state, and needs, ed. Melnik I. S. St. Petersburg: Izd. A. F. Devriena, 1908, 260–294. (In Russ.)
6. Kaufman A. A. Resettlement and colonization. St. Petersburg: Tip. t-va "Obshchestvennaia polza", 1905, IX+349+81. (In Russ.)
7. Kozmin N. N. On the issue of extinction of non-Slavs. Sibirskie zapiski (Krasnoyarsk), 1916, (2): 99–108. (In Russ.)
8. Bakhrushin S. V. Scientific works. Vol. 3: Selected works on the history of Siberia XVI–XVII centuries. Pt. 2: The history of the peoples of Siberia in the XVI–XVII centuries. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1955, 299. (In Russ.)
9. Dolgikh B. O. Clan and tribal composition of the peoples of Siberia in the XVII century. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960, 622. (In Russ.)
10. Minenko N. A. North-West Siberia in the XVIII – first half of the XIX century: a historical and ethnographic sketch. Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib. otd-nie, 1975, 308. (In Russ.)
11. Fedorov M. M. The legal status of the peoples of Eastern Siberia (XVII – early XIX centuries). Yakutsk: Kn. izd-vo, 1978, 207. (In Russ.)
12. Dameshek L. M. Internal policy of tsarism and the peoples of Siberia (XIX – early XX centuries). Irkutsk: Izd-vo Irkut. un-ta, 1986, 164. (In Russ.)
13. Dameshek L. M. Integration problems of the indigenous peoples of Siberia into the imperial system of Russia in the XVIII – early XX century. Siberian society in the context of modernization of the XVIII–XX centuries: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Novosibirsk, 22–23 Sep 2003. Novosibirsk: NGU, 2003, 94–105. (In Russ.)
14. Skobelev S. G. Demography of the indigenous peoples of Siberia in the XVII–XX centuries: fluctuations in numbers and their causes. Novosibirsk: Novosib. un-t, 1998, 56. (In Russ.)
15. Andiusev B. Е. Siberian regional studies: Agriculture, everyday life, traditions and culture of the long-time residents of Yenisei province of the XIX – early XX centuries. Krasnoyarsk: KGPU, 2003, 336. (In Russ.)
16. Sherstova L. I. Turkic peoples and Russians in Southern Siberia: ethnopolitical processes and ethnocultural dynamics of the XVII – early XX centuries. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN, 2005, 312. (In Russ.)
17. Asochakova V. N. Christianization of the indigenous peoples of Siberia in the XVII–XIX centuries: historiography aspect. Vestnik Khakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N. F. Katanova, 2012, (1): 39–43. (In Russ.)
18. Murashko O. A. Old-timers of Kamchatka in the historical-demographic and socio-economic perspective. Interethnic contacts and the development of national cultures, ed. Krupnik I. I. Moscow: Uchastok operativnoi poligrafii Instituta istorii SSSR AN SSSR, 1985, 77–88. (In Russ.)
19. Krikh A. A. Non-ethnic components in the composition of the Russian old-time population of the Middle Irtysh region: XVIII century – 1980s. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Abstr. Omsk, 2006, 26. (In Russ.)
20. Konev A. Yu. Inclusion of the yasak people in the class of state peasants (based on materials from Western Siberia). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 2007, (3): 11–16. (In Russ.)
21. Grigorovskii N. P. Old-time peasants of the Narym region. Notes of the West Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society. Omsk, 1879, book 1, 7–8. (In Russ.)
22. Belikov D. N. The First Russian peasants-inhabitants of the Tomsk region and different features in the conditions of their life and life: General essay for the XVII and XVIII centuries. Tomsk: Tipo-lit. M. N. Kononova i I. F. Skulimovskogo, 1898, 138. (In Russ.)
23. Boiarshinova Z. Ia. On the formation of the class of state peasants in Siberia (XVIII – first quarter of the XIX centuries). Issues of Siberia history, ed. Borodavkin A. P. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 1964, iss. 1, 44–55. (In Russ.)
24. Emelianov N. F. Ethnic and numerical composition of the indigenous population of the Tomsk region in the XVII – first half of the XIX centuries. From the history of Siberia. Tomsk: Tomsk. un-t, 1976, iss. 19, 90–107. (In Russ.)
25. Emelianov N. F. Russian colonization of the Middle Ob’ in the feudal age. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU, 1981, 181. (In Russ.)
26. Skryabina L. A. Russians of the Tomsk region. Historical and ethnographic essays (XVII – early XX centuries). Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 1997, 130. (In Russ.)
27. Kamenetskiy I. P. Russian population of Kuznetsk province in the XVII – early XVIII centuries: (Life experience in the conditions of the frontier of Southern Siberia). Omsk: [Omskii in-t RGTEU], 2005, 338. (In Russ.)
28. Uskov I. Yu. Formation of the peasant population of the Middle Tomsk region in the XVII – first half of the XIX centuries. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2005, 130. (In Russ.)
29. Goncharova T. A. History of the Lower Tomsk region in the context of interethnic communication (XVII – early XXI century). Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 2006, 226. (In Russ.)
30. Chursina A. A. Changing the estate status of service people in Western Siberia and their descendants in the process of economic activity: materials of the Tomsk and Kuznetsk districts. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Abstr. Tomsk, 2012, 23. (In Russ.)
31. Kimeev V. M. Siberian natives from Kasminsk. Daily life and culture of Russian old-settlers of Kasminsky volost. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 1997, 250. (In Russ.)
32. Kosovets V. I. Settlement and development of the environs of Yurga and the adjacent territories of the middle Volcano and Ob. Yurga: Iurginskii filial FGUP TsNII "Kompleks", 2010, 142. (In Russ.)
33. Uskov I. Yu. Dynamics of the number of the Russian population of the Left-bank Prichulym'e in the ХVIII – first half of the ХIХ century. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2017, (3): 91–95. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21603/2078-8975-2017-3-91-95
34. Bykonia G. F. Russian settlement of the Yenisei region in the XVIII century, 2nd ed. Krasnoyarsk: KGPU, 2013. 347. Available at: http://elib.kspu.ru/document/8017 (accessed 15 Dec 2020). (In Russ.)
35. Rezun D. Ia. Russians on average Prichulymye in the XVII–XIX centuries. (Problems of social and economic development of small towns in Siberia). Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib. otd-nie, 1984, 196. (In Russ.)
36. Asochakova V. N. Christianization of the indigenous peoples of Siberia in the context of the yasak policy of the Russian government in the ХVIII – early ХIХ centuries. Natural conditions, history, and culture of Western Mongolia and adjacent regions: Proc. VIII Intern. Conf., Gorno-Altaisk, 19–23 Sep 2007. Gorno-Altaisk: GAGU, 2007, vol. I, 138–141. (In Russ.)
37. Asochakova V. N. The problem of interethnic interaction during the Christianization of the indigenous population of the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory: XVIII–XIX centuries. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2009, (38): 92–95. (In Russ.)
38. Dobzhansky V. N., Ermolaev A. N. The figure of Kashtaksky jail and mine from "Chorografic drawings book" by S. U. Remezov. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2014, (3-2): 170–175. (In Russ.)
39. Ermolaev A. N. The Province of Mariinsk 1856–1917. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2008, 741. (In Russ.)
40. Kationov O. N. The Moscow-Siberian tract and its inhabitants in the XVII–XIХ centuries. Novosibirsk: NGPU, 2004, 568. (In Russ.)
41. Skryabina L. A. On the history of the Moscow-Siberian postal tract in the territory of modern Kemerovo region. Uchenye zapiski muzeia-zapovednika "Tomskaia Pisanitsa", 2018, (7): 53–67. (In Russ.)
42. Karmanov V. A. Tisul: pages of the past and present of the Tisul region. Kemerovo: Kn. izd-vo, 1983, 93. (In Russ.)
43. Zelenin F. V. Mariinsky land. Local history manual. Kemerovo: Kemer. obl. in-t usovershenstvovaniia uchitelei, 1999, 195. (In Russ.)
44. Belikova O. B. Medieval history of the Pervomaiskaya land. Pervomaiskaya land, ed. Iakovlev Ia. A. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 2001, 70–93. (In Russ.)
45. Kopylov S., Lapkin F. City on Kii: to the 300th anniversary of Mariinsk (Kiisk settlement). Kemerovo: Kemerovskii poligrafkombinat, 2004, 490. (In Russ.)
46. Kostiunin O. V. History of Tyazhinskaya land. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2008, vol. 1, 461. (In Russ.)
47. Vaikutis A. A. Stages of a difficult path: to the 90th anniversary of the formation of the Chebulinsky region. Verkh-Chebula, 2014, 48. (In Russ.)
48. Kostrov N. A. Kizilsky Tatars. Kazan, 1853, 38. (In Russ.)
49. Iarilov A. A. Kizilians and their economy. Yuriev: Tip. K. Mattisena, 1899, 366. (In Russ.)
50. Dulson A. P. Chulym Turkic peoples and their language. Uch. zap. TGPI, 1952, 9: 76–211. (In Russ.)
51. Kozmin N. N. Khakasy: historical, ethnographic and economic sketch of the Minusinsk territory. Irkutsk: Sektsiia nauch. rabotnikov Rabprosa, 1925, 184. (In Russ.)
52. Potapov L. P. Origin and formation of the Khakass people. Abakan: Khakas. kn. izd-vo, 1957, 307. (In Russ.)
53. Lvova E. L. Chulym Turks: (historical and ethnographic essays). Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Abstr. Moscow, 1978, 17. (In Russ.)
54. Butanaev V. Ya. The origin of the Khakass tribes and families. Abakan: UPP "Khakasiia", 1994, 94. (In Russ.)
55. Problems of the origin and ethnic history of the Turkic peoples of Siberia, ed. Tomilov N. A. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 1987, 206. (In Russ.)
56. Tomilov N. A. Ethnic history of the Turkic-speaking population of the West Siberian Plain in the late XVI – early XX centuries. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Novosib. un-ta, 1992, 271. (In Russ.)
57. Tomilov N. A. Russians of the Lower Tomsk Region (late XIX – first quarter of the XX centuries). Omsk: Izd-vo Omsk. ped. un-ta, 2001, 198. (In Russ.)
58. Grachev I. A. Russian Empire and ethnogenesis of modern Khakass. Siberia in the context of the Russian model of colonization (XVII – early XX century), ed. Pavlinskaya L. R. St. Petersburg: MAE RAN, 2014, 124–139. (In Russ.)
59. Asochakova V. N. Christianization of the Khakass in the XVIII century – 1861 (before the formation of the Yenisei diocese). Abakan: [Izd-vo Khakasskogo gos. un-ta im. N. F. Katanova], 2008, 246. (In Russ.)
60. Asochakova V. N. Russian colonization and economic development of the Khakass-Minusinsk Region. Vestnik Khakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N. F. Katanova, 2018, (25): 35–38. (In Russ.)
61. Kuzmin O. Yu. Settlement of the Kiya river basin by the Russians: case study of the foundation of the village of Сhumay in the Chebulinsky district of Kemerovo region. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020, 22(1): 28–35. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-1-28-35
62. Ganzhina I. M. Dictionary of modern Russian surnames. Moscow: Astrel; AST, 2001, 672. (In Russ.)
63. Unbegaun B. O. Russian surnames. Moscow: Progress, 1989, 440. (In Russ.)
64. Chaikina Iu. I. Vologda surnames. Vologda: Rus, 1995, 122. (In Russ.)
65. Zhabagin M. K., Sabitov Zh. M., Agdzhoyan A. T., Yusupov Yu. M., Bogunov Yu. V., Lavryashina M. B., Tazhigulova I. M., Akilzhanova A. R., Zhumadilov Zh. Sh., Balanovsky O. P., Balanovska E. V. Genesis of the largest tribal-clan group of Kazakhs – Argyns – in the context of population genetics. Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin, 2016, (4): 59–68. (In Russ.)
66. Iarilov A. A. The Mielec non-Slavs. Yuriev: Tip. K. Mattisena, 1899, XVI+150+LXIV. (In Russ.)
67. Aristov N. A. Notes on the ethnic composition of the Turkic tribes and peoples and information on their numbers. Zhivaia starina, 1896, iss. III–IV, 277–456. (In Russ.)
68. Spasskii G. Teleuts or white Kalmyks. Siberian Bulletin. St. Petersburg, 1821, pt. 13, 7–14. (In Russ.)
69. Boiarshinova Z. Ia. The population of Western Siberia before the Russian colonization. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 1960, 151. (In Russ.)
70. Kitinov B. U. Kalmak and Oirats: toponym in the religious history of the peoples of Central Asia. RUDN Journal of World History, 2018, 10(3): 270–281. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2018-10-3-270-281
71. Ekeev N. V. Ethnonyms "white and black Kalmaks" (ethnic history of the Altai in the ХVII–ХVIII centuries). Problems of studying the history and culture of Altai and adjacent territories: Proc. Conf. dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the GornoAltai scientific research institute of history, language, and literature, Gorno-Altaisk, 5–6 May 1992. Gorno-Altaisk: Izd-vo GAN IIIIaiL, 1992, 114–119. (In Russ.)
72. Zlatkin I. Ia. History of the Dzungar Khanate, 1635–1758, 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 1983, 332. (In Russ.)
73. Borgoiakov M. P. Origin and distribution of Khakass surnames. Uchen. zap. ХakNIIIaLI, 1972, iss. 17, 235–241. (In Russ.)
74. Ulyanova M. V., Lavryashina M. B., Nikolaev V. V., Oktyabrskaya I. V., Druzhinin V. G. Native populations of the northern Altai: demographic processes of the late XIX – early XXI century as reflected in surname dynamics. Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii, 2014, (3): 128–140. (In Russ.)
75. Essays on the history of Khakassia ( from ancient times to the present), ed. Butanaev V. Ya. Abakan: Izd-vo Khakasskogo gos. un-ta im. N. F. Katanova, 2008, 671. (In Russ.)
76. Konev A. Yu. Indigenous peoples of North-West Siberia in the administrative system of the Russian Empire (XVIII – early XX centuries). Moscow: Koordinats.-metod. tsentr prikladnoi etnografii IEIA, 1995, 217. (In Russ.)
77. Georgi J. G. Description of all peoples living in the Russian state: their everyday rites, customs, clothes, dwellings, exercises, amusements, religions and other memorials. Pt. 2: About the peoples of the Tatar tribe and other not yet decided origin of the Northern Siberian. St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia Akademiia nauk, 1799, 178. (In Russ.)
78. Pestov I. S. Notes on the Yenisei province of Eastern Siberia, 1831. Moscow: Univ. tip., 1833, 298. (In Russ.)
79. Sherstova L. I. Turkic inhabitants of Tomsk province at the turn of 19 and 20 centuries: administrative structure, ethnic and religious processes. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2013, (369): 108–110. (In Russ.)
80. Kartsov V. G. From the history of the Kachins and the Arintsians from Krasnoyarsk region. Uchen. zap. ХakNIIIaLI, 1960, iss. 8, 90–91. (In Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Kuzmin O.Yu. Assimilation of the Chulym Turkic People by the Russians in the First Half of the XIX Century: the case of the Kolmogorov Family from Chumay Village. The Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. 2021;23(1):20-33. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-20-33
Views:
600
Email this article 