Development of Farming Technology as a Factor in the Formation of Cities in Southern Kazakhstan and the Semirechie
https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-606-613
Abstract
The paper features the development of agricultural technology at all stages of the annual agricultural cycle as a factor that led to the formation of medieval cities of Kazakhstan. According to archaeological sources, the population of the area under study experienced an agrarian revolution from the middle of the first Millennium BC to the end of the first Millennium AD. The agrarian revolution was associated with the transition to hoe and then to arable farming. It largely determined the nature of socio-economic processes in the region. The progressive development of agricultural technology led to a significant increase in productivity, including the stages of cultivation, processing, and storage. Irrigated agriculture was the basis of crop, vegetable, and fruit farming, as well as viticulture. Cultivation on non-irrigated lands was possible only on some foothills with sufficient rainfall. Productivity growth in the agricultural sector had some economic and social consequences. In the economic sphere, an increase in acreage and volume of grain production helped to feed the growing urban population. In social terms, this fact had a positive effect on the number and density of the population, as well as on the consolidation of settlements. As a result, people concentrated in large settlements, which gradually turned into small, medium, and large cities with a new social structure and new economic ties.
About the Author
N. M. Zinyakov
Kemerovo State University
Russian Federation
6, Krasnaya St., Kemerovo, 650000
Russian Federation
6, Krasnaya St., Kemerovo, 650000
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Review
For citations:
Zinyakov N.M. Development of Farming Technology as a Factor in the Formation of Cities in Southern Kazakhstan and the Semirechie. The Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. 2019;21(3):606-613. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-606-613
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