METHODOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF STRUCTURAL APPROACH IN HUMANITARIAN COGNITION

Abstract

The paper discusses the origins and formation of the structural approach to humanitarians cognition. It is understood as a result of the "Copernican revolution" of I. Kant that developed in the process of clarifying the specifics of humanitarians cognition committed in theories of neokantianism, pragmatism, structuralism, Gestalt-psychology, analytic philosophy and others. It is proved that the structure of the inner form serves as the base of the integrity of things, thus structural approach is opposed to elementarism. The key role of the structural approach in the development of structuralism is proved, where the structural approach generated a detailed structural methodology. The authors show the place of linguistic researches in the study of symbolic forms of culture which, although not confined to language, are still rather often caused by them. In turn, the author determines the meaning of structuralism for linguistics, which owes its scientific status to structuralism. The authors describe the development of structuralism and its limited set of methodological possibilities, which led to the overcoming of its hegemony in humanitarians cognition, which does not mean that the structural approach is limited as such.