THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF SPATIAL-ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TYUMEN JEWISH COMMUNITY

Abstract

The research focuses on spatial-architectural organization of the Jewish community in Tyumen. The paper aims at identifying the characteristics of the organization of Jewish life in the Diaspora in Tyumen from the point of view of architectural decisions on the basis of historical-comparative method of historical research. The authors compare the features of Jews’ spatial development in Tyumen with the principles of the Jewish quarters organization in the two main historical centres of Jewish culture – Jerusalem and medieval Prague, to identify common and distinctive features in this process. The author's attention is drawn to the building of the historical centre of Tyumen, where in the early 20th century on the initiative of the local authorities cult buildings of several confessions were located within the same quarter, which contributed to the consolidation of religious tolerance in the local population. The result of the research presented in the paper is the definition of architectural and spatial organization of the Tyumen Jewish community as a combination of three key vectors of cultural impact: Jerusalem, Prague and local. The authors conclude about the effectiveness of the developed model for the realization of cultural and religious identity of the Jews and their impact on social and economic development of the region.