TWO TYPES OF LON FULLER’s MORALITY

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the field structure of morality. The author considers the philosophical and ethical position of the representatives of the ancient Chinese philosophical thought, Antiquity, I. Kant, E. Durkheim, J.-P. Sartre, A. Badiou, A. Huseynov. The core of the research position is constituted by the ethical model of the American philosopher of law Lon Lewis Fuller, in which the single field of morality is structured into two areas the moral duty and moral aspirations. This allows identifying the problem of determining the boundary between the morality of duty and moral aspirations as a key problem of modern ethics. In addition, the paper provides a classification of basic philosophical and ethical theories used according to their types of study of the genesis of morality – a priori (based on the principles of morality debt) and a posteriori (presumption of receiving moral aspirations).