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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kemsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">СибСкрипт</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SibScript</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-2122</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kemerovo State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/sibscript-2026-28-4-683-699</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LVZUEQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kemsu-6271</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ И ТЕОРИЯ ЯЗЫКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND THEORY OF LANGUAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Грамматика автономии и гетерономии: непассивные и пассивные глаголы как лингвистический фундамент моральных интуиций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grammar of Autonomy and Heteronomy: Non-Passive and Passive Verbs as the Linguistic Foundation of Moral Intuitions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2068-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахневич</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhnevich</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">crash68@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт деловой карьеры, Россия, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Business Career, Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>683</fpage><lpage>699</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сахневич С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сахневич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakhnevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6271">https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6271</self-uri><abstract><p>В контексте гипотезы лингвистической относительности Сепира-Уорфа настоящее исследование предлагает операционализируемое решение проблемы лингвистического основания морально-этических интуиций через системный анализ залоговой дихотомии. Цель – выявить и описать конкретный грамматический механизм в английском языке – противопоставление непассивных и исключительно пассивных глаголов – и показать, какое значение он имеет в качестве лингвистического фундамента базовых интуиций об автономии и гетерономии. В фокусе исследования находятся два взаимодополняющих грамматических класса: глаголы, не имеющие форм страдательного залога, и глаголы, употребляющиеся исключительно в пассиве. Выдвигается гипотеза о том, что данные классы маркируют фундаментальную онтологическую дихотомию человеческого опыта. Непассивные глаголы формируют «непассивное ядро» автономной личности, очерчивая нередуцируемые состояния (бытие, обладание, становление), которые не могут быть концептуализированы как результат внешнего воздействия. Напротив, исключительно пассивные глаголы конституируют «пассивный периметр» социальности, где индивид выступает объектом внешних сил, институтов и нормативных практик. Методология исследования включает концептуальный, сравнительно-сопоставительный и корпусный анализ, герменевтический подход и компонентный анализ семантических инвариантов. На материале английского языка демонстрируется, что грамматические ограничения в сфере залога создают семантические «запретные зоны» и «проторенные пути», которые структурируют моральное мышление носителей, делая одни этические концепты (автономия, личная ответственность) когнитивно более доступными, чем другие (гетерономия, предписанный долг). Научная новизна исследования заключается в преодолении лексикоцентризма и выявлении конкретного синтаксического механизма, опосредующего связь между языковой структурой и моральным сознанием, что позволяет взглянуть на грамматические ограничения как на активный конституирующий фактор моральной онтологии. Полученные результаты показывают, что грамматика выступает не пассивным отражением, а активным конституирующим фактором, предопределяющим границы морально мыслимого и формирующим «лингвистический априори» этического опыта. В результате исследование вносит вклад в метаэтику, предлагая операционализируемый инструмент для проверки гипотезы лингвистической относительности в сфере морали и намечая перспективы кросс-лингвистических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article substantiates the linguistic foundation of moral-ethical intuitions through a systematic analysis of the voice dichotomy, based on the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. It describes the opposition between non-passive and exclusively passive verbs in English grammar to demonstrate its role in shaping basic intuitions about autonomy and heteronomy. The research focuses on two complementary grammatical classes: verbs that lack passive voice forms and verbs used exclusively in the passive. The hypothesis posits that these classes mark a fundamental ontological dichotomy of human experience. Non-passive verbs form the autonomous core of the person: they outline irreducible states (being, having, becoming) that cannot be conceptualized as a result of external influence. In contrast, exclusively passive verbs constitute the passive perimeter of sociality, where the individual acts as an object of external forces, institutions, and normative practices. The methodology of the study includes conceptual, comparative, and corpus analysis, a hermeneutic approach, and a componential analysis of semantic invariants. English grammatical restrictions within the category of voice create semantic taboo zones and beaten paths that structure the moral thinking of native speakers, making some ethical concepts (autonomy, personal responsibility) cognitively more accessible than others (heteronomy, duty). The research overcomes traditional lexical-centrism by identifying a specific syntactic mechanism that mediates the connection between language structure and moral consciousness. Ultimately, the rules of grammar act as an active constitutive factor of moral ontology; grammar is not a passive reflection but an active constitutive force that predetermines the boundaries of the morally acceptable, forming a "linguistic a priori" of ethical experience. The study contributes to meta-ethics by offering an operationalizable tool for testing the linguistic relativity hypothesis in the realm of morality and outlining prospects for cross-linguistic research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грамматический уровень этики и морали</kwd><kwd>интуиции действия</kwd><kwd>интуиции претерпевания действия</kwd><kwd>пассивные глаголы</kwd><kwd>непассивные глаголы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grammatical level of ethics and morality</kwd><kwd>intuitions of action</kwd><kwd>intuitions of undergoing an action</kwd><kwd>passive verbs</kwd><kwd>non-passive verbs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безруков А. Н. Русская литература в режиме рецепции и эстетики чтения. СПб.: Гиперион, 2024. 246 с. https://elibrary.ru/rsijyo</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezrukov A. N. 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