<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kemsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">СибСкрипт</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SibScript</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-2122</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kemerovo State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/sibscript-2026-28-3-523-533</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TKVUYG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kemsu-6248</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Всеобщая история</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>General History</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Российские миротворческие инициативы  на завершающем этапе англо-бурской войны 1899–1902 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Peace-Making Initiatives at the Final Stage  of the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-3889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелик</surname><given-names>Борис Моисеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelik</surname><given-names>Boris M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215699513" ext-link-type="uri">57215699513 </ext-link></p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57215699513" ext-link-type="uri">57215699513 </ext-link></p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boris.gorelik@inafr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Африки РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>523–533</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горелик Б.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горелик Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorelik B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6248">https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6248</self-uri><abstract><p>Англо-бурская война 1899–1902 гг. вызвала значительное сочувствие в российском обществе к бурам. Россия предпринимала дипломатические попытки совместного воздействия на Великобританию в конце 1899 – начале 1900 г., но они не принесли успеха из-за разногласий европейских континентальных держав и отказа Великобритании от зарубежного посредничества. В отличие от других великих держав, которые после первых неудач прекратили миротворческие инициативы, российская дипломатия продолжала выступать с ними на втором году войны, в 1901 г. Целью настоящего исследования является осмысление миротворческой политики Николая II, направленной на прекращение англо-бурского конфликта в этот период. Установлено, что причиной этой политики была в первую очередь обеспокоенность императора масштабами страданий гражданского населения и тем, что конфликт, по его мнению, приобрел черты «войны на уничтожение». Существенным мотивом оставалось и его стремление применить принципы международного права, которые были определены на Гаагской конференции 1899 г., инициированной Россией. Николай II полагал, что великие державы обязаны оказать «дружественное воздействие» на Великобританию для соблюдения законов и обычаев войны. В течение 1901 г. российская дипломатия выступала с предложениями о коллективном содействии прекращению войны. Николай II отправил личное послание британскому королю Эдуарду VII, а российское Министерство иностранных дел побуждало державы совместно предложить добрые услуги или посредничество, в том числе в контексте обращения буров в Постоянную палату третейского суда. Эти усилия также оказались неэффективными из-за позиции Великобритании и отказа других держав. Вновь обнаруженные архивные документы показывают, что в 1901 г. российская дипломатия действовала, прежде всего, исходя из гуманитарных соображений и личной убежденности Николая II в своем миротворческом долге, а не из традиционных внешне политических расчетов, что отличало в этом вопросе Россию от других держав.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) garnered significant sympathy in Russia for the Boers. Russia participated in the joint diplomatic pressure on Great Britain between late 1899 and early 1900, which failed because the European continental powers could not reach an agreement and Britain refused foreign mediation. Unlike other Great Powers that ceased their initiatives after initial setbacks, Russian diplomacy continued its peace efforts into the second year of the war, 1901. This article describes Russia’s peacekeeping policy aimed at ending the Anglo-Boer conflict during this period. Nicholas II was concerned about civilian casualties; in his opinion, the conflict had turned into a war of annihilation. In addition, he attempted to implement the principles of international law that had been defined at the Hague Conference of 1899, which was initiated by Russia. Nicholas II believed that the Great Powers were obliged to exert a "friendly influence" on Britain to make it comply with the laws and customs of organized warfare. Throughout 1901, Russian diplomacy made proposals for collective assistance to end the Anglo-Boer War. Nicholas II sent a personal message to the British King, Edward VII, and the Russian Foreign Ministry encouraged the other powers to jointly offer good offices or mediation, including supporting the Boers’ appeal to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. These efforts also failed due to British resolve and a lack of support from other powers. Newly discovered archival documents reveal that Russian diplomacy in 1901 was driven more by humanitarian concerns and Nicholas II’s personal conviction than by traditional foreign policy. This motivation distinguished Russia’s actions from those of other powers during the final phase of the Anglo-Boer War.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>англо-бурская война 1899–1902 гг.</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика великих держав</kwd><kwd>колониализм</kwd><kwd>империализм</kwd><kwd>Южная Африка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902</kwd><kwd>foreign policy of the Great Powers</kwd><kwd>colonialism</kwd><kwd>imperialism</kwd><kwd>South Africa</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Англо-бурская война 1899–1902 годов: опыт и перспективы исследования, отв. ред. Б. М. Горелик, В. В. Грибанова, А. А. Токарев. М.: ИАфр РАН, 2023. 372 с. https://elibrary.ru/wdnbuq</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Researching the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902: The Practice and the Future, eds. Gorelik B. M., Gribanova V. V., Tokarev A. A. Moscow: IAS RAS, 2023, 372. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/wdnbuq</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витухновский А. Л. Россия и англо-бурская война: дис. … канд. ист. наук. Л., 1949. 246 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitukhnovskii A. L Russia and the Anglo-Boer War. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Leningrad, 1949, 246. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков К. С. Россия и англо-бурская война. Гуманитарный научный вестник. 2024. № 1. С. 1–6. https://elibrary.ru/byoxue</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov K. S. Russia and the Second Boer War. Gumanitarnyi nauchnyi vestnik, 2024, (1): 1–6. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/byoxue</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грибанова В. В. «Русский в отряде коммандос» (к истории участия российских добровольцев в англо-бурской войне 1899–1902 гг.). Азия и Африка сегодня. 2023. № 4. С. 77–80. https://elibrary.ru/uzbrns</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gribanova V. V. "A Russian on commando" (оn the History of the participation of Russian volunteers in the Boer War of 1899–1902). Asia &amp; Africa Today, 2023, (4): 77–80. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/uzbrns</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давидсон А. Трансвааль, страна моя. Родина. 2022. № 12. С. 54–56. https://elibrary.ru/wqhkyh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson A. Transvaal, My Country. Rodina, 2022, (12): 54–56. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/wqhkyh</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатьев А. В. Внешняя политика России в конце XIX – начале XX века (Россия перед вызовами новой эпохи). М.: ГЕОС, 2011. 220 с. https://elibrary.ru/qpudgj</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatiev A. В. Foreign policy of Russia in the late 19th – early 20th centuries: Russia facing the challenges of the new era. Moscow: GEOS, 2011, 220. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/qpudgj</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесников И. Н., Каспарян К. В., Манина Т. А., Павлюк С. В. Внешнеполитические аспекты англо-бурской войны 1899–1902 гг. Вопросы истории. 2021. № 12-2. С. 246–258. https://doi.org/10.31166/VoprosyIstorii202112Statyi49</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov I. N., Kasparyan K. V., Manina T. A., Pavlyuk S. V. Foreign policy aspects of the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902. Voprosy Istorii, 2021, (12-2): 246–258. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31166/VoprosyIstorii202112Statyi49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартенс Ф. Гаагская конференция мира: культурно-исторический очерк. Вестник Европы. 1900. № 3. С. 6–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martens F. The Hague Peace Conference: A cultural and historical review. Vestnik Evropy, 1900, (3): 6–24. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелихов Г. В., Субботин Ю. Ф., Георгиев А. В., Аветян А. С., Григорцевич С. С., Урибес-Санчес Э., Васюков В. С. История внешней политики России. Конец XIX – начало XX века: от русско-французского союза до Октябрьской революции. М.: Междунар. отношения, 1997. 670 c. https://elibrary.ru/vvdutp</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melikhov G. V., Subbotin Yu. F., Georgiev A. V., Avetyan A. S., Grigortsevich S. S., Uribes-Sanchez E., Vasyukov V. S. History of Russian foreign policy. Late 19th – early 20th centuries: From the Russian-French alliance to the October Revolution. Moscow: Mezhdunar. otnosheniia, 1997, 670. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/vvdutp</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Можаев М. О. Россия и англо-бурская война 1899–1902 гг. Актуальные проблемы общественных наук: науч.-практ. конф. (Липецк, 17–18 апреля 2023 г.) Липецк: ЛГПУ им. П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского, 2023. С. 78–82. https://elibrary.ru/hkattv</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozhaev M. O. Russia and the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902. Relevant issues of social sciences: Proc. Sci.-Prac. Conf., Lipetsk, 17–18 Apr 2023. Lipetsk: LSPU P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, 2023, 78–82. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/hkattv</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина И. А. Захват бурских республик Англией (1899–1902 гг.) М.: Наука, 1970. 213 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina I. A. The seizure of the Boer republics by England (1899–1902). Moscow: Nauka, 1970, 213. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаповалова Т. В. Англо-бурская война 1899–1902 гг. и Россия: дис. … канд. ист. наук. М., 1995. 164 с. https://elibrary.ru/ziheqt</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapovalova T. V. The Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902 and Russia. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Moscow, 1995, 164. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/ziheqt</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Russian on Commando: The Boer War Experiences of Yevgeny Avgustus, ed. Gorelik B. Johannesburg; Cape Town; London: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2022, 270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Russian on Commando: The Boer War Experiences of Yevgeny Avgustus, ed. Gorelik B. Johannesburg; Cape Town; London: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2022, 270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bossenbroek M. The Boer War. New York-Oakland-London: Seven Stories Press, 2018, 464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bossenbroek M. The Boer War. New York-Oakland-London: Seven Stories Press, 2018, 464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao S. "Ambiguous identity": Australian attitudes towards the Boer War. Asia Pacific Humanities, 2021, 1(2), 22–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao S. "Ambiguous identity": Australian attitudes towards the Boer War. Asia Pacific Humanities, 2021, 1(2), 22–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson A., Filatova I. The Russians and the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902. Cape Town-Pretoria-ohannesburg: Human &amp; Rousseau, 1998, 287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson A., Filatova I. The Russians and the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902. Cape Town-Pretoria-ohannesburg: Human &amp; Rousseau, 1998, 287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomes C. L. Barbarism in the age of progress: Emily Hobhouse’s report on the South African concentration camps and the liberal divide over the Boer War. Moving Spaces and Places: Interdisciplinary essays on transformative movements through space, place, and time, eds. Boonstra B., Cutler-Broyles T., Rozzoni S. Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing, 2022, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-226-320221004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomes C. L. Barbarism in the age of progress: Emily Hobhouse’s report on the South African concentration camps and the liberal divide over the Boer War. Moving Spaces and Places: Interdisciplinary essays on transformative movements through space, place, and time, eds. Boonstra B., Cutler-Broyles T., Rozzoni S. Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing, 2022, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-226-320221004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorelik B. The impact of the Anglo-Boer War on Russian marxists before the October Revolution. South African Historical Journal, 2024, 76(1-2): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2024.2407806</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorelik B. The impact of the Anglo-Boer War on Russian marxists before the October Revolution. South African Historical Journal, 2024, 76(1-2): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2024.2407806</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennedy W. M., Holdridge C. "Did you really have a place in the Boer War?": Colonial conflict and the contested production of "Finnish" nationality, 1899–1908. Finnish colonial encounters. Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies, eds. Merivirta R., Koivunen L., Särkkä T. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham., 2021, 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80610-1_11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennedy W. M., Holdridge C. "Did you really have a place in the Boer War?": Colonial conflict and the contested production of "Finnish" nationality, 1899–1908. Finnish colonial encounters. Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies, eds. Merivirta R., Koivunen L., Särkkä T. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham., 2021, 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80610-1_11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S. King Edward VII: A biography. London: Macmillan, 1925, vol. II, 709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee S. King Edward VII: A biography. London: Macmillan, 1925, vol. II, 709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mas J. R. The impact of the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) on Spain’s public opinion, press, literature and international image. Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 2024, 101(4): 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/14753820.2024.2351725</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mas J. R. The impact of the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) on Spain’s public opinion, press, literature and international image. Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 2024, 101(4): 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/14753820.2024.2351725</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">May O. Europa und der Burenkrieg. Hildesheim: Franzbecker, 2015, 261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">May O. Europa und der Burenkrieg. Hildesheim: Franzbecker, 2015, 261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholtz G. D. Europa en die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog 1899–1902. Johannesburg and Pretoria: Voortrekkerpers, 1939, 224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholtz G. D. Europa en die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog 1899–1902. Johannesburg and Pretoria: Voortrekkerpers, 1939, 224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spring D. Russian foreign policy and the Boer War. The international impact of the Boer War, ed. Wilson K. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014, 43–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spring D. Russian foreign policy and the Boer War. The international impact of the Boer War, ed. Wilson K. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014, 43–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabó-Zsoldos G. Hungarians in the Anglo-Boer War. Historia, 2021, 66(2): 2–22. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabó-Zsoldos G. Hungarians in the Anglo-Boer War. Historia, 2021, 66(2): 2–22. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wessels A. A historical overview of Boer Guerrilla and British counterinsurgency operations during the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902. Small Wars &amp; Insurgencies, 2022, 34(2): 328–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2138258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wessels A. A historical overview of Boer Guerrilla and British counterinsurgency operations during the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902. Small Wars &amp; Insurgencies, 2022, 34(2): 328–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2138258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
