kemsuСибСкриптSibScript2949-21222949-2092Kemerovo State University10.21603/sibscript-2026-28-2-217-231YXHHCFkemsu-6208Research ArticleИсследования когнитивной сферы и психосемантического пространства личностиCognitive Studies and Psychosemantic Personal SpaceРоль саккадической системы в зрительно-пространственной рабочей памяти и зрительном вниманииSaccadic System in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory and Visual Attentionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-109XМиронецСофья АнатольевнаMironetsSofia A.

Москва

Scopus Author ID: 57446526800

Moscow

Scopus Author ID: 57446526800

sofia.mironets@dgoi.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева; Российская академия образованияРоссияDmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; Russian Academy of EducationRussian Federation202614052026282217231Copyright © Миронец С.А., 20262026Миронец С.А.Mironets S.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6208

Рабочая память представляет собой механизм, поддерживающий релевантную информацию в активном, легкодоступном состоянии для ее последующего мысленного анализа и использования в управлении поведением. Мозжечок долгое время было принято считать только двигательным центром, и его роль в участии когнитивных процессов начали изучать не так давно. В литературе не описаны сложные взаимосвязи между теоретическим конструктом рабочей памяти, функционированием зрительного внимания и анатомей саккадической системы, которая их реализует, и местом мозжечка в этих процессах. Цель аналитического обзора – рассмотреть роль саккадической системы и отдельно мозжечка в нейрофизиологическом обеспечении зрительного внимания и зрительно-пространственной рабочей памяти с особым вкладом анатомических путей при реализации сложных сенсомоторных процессов за счет движений глаз. Для этого были подробно проанализированы нейровизуализационные, нейроанатомические, морфофункциональные и поведенческие исследования. В результате представлен обзор современного состояния проблемы зрительного внимания, рабочей памяти и участия мозжечка в этих процессах: переключение внимания предшествует саккадам, фронтальные глазодвигательные поля и теменная кора поддерживают пространственные представления, а стволовые генераторы реализуют фазические и тонические сигналы к глазодвигательным мышцам.

Working memory is a mechanism that maintains relevant information in an active, easily accessible state for mental analysis and behavioral control. While the cerebellum was long considered solely a motor center, its role in cognitive processes has only recently gained significant attention. There has been a lack of comprehensive research into the complex relationships between the theoretical construct of working memory, the functioning of visual attention, the anatomy of the saccadic system, and the specific role of the cerebellum in these processes. This analytical review examines neuroimaging, neuroanatomical, morphofunctional, and behavioral studies on the role of the saccadic system and the cerebellum in the neurophysiological support of visual attention and visuo-spatial working memory. The focus is on the anatomical pathways implementing complex sensorimotor processes through eye movements. Visual attention, working memory, and the cerebellum correlate as follows: attentional shifts precede saccades; the frontal eye fields and parietal cortex support spatial representations; brainstem generators provide phasic and tonic signals to the oculomotor muscles.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.