kemsuСибСкриптSibScript2949-21222949-2092Kemerovo State University10.21603/sibscript-2025-27-6-1104-1111kemsu-6140Research ArticleМеждународные отношения в период холодной войныInternational Relations during the Cold WarАмериканская поддержка Евратома в контексте технологического противостояния США и СССР в 1950-е гг.American Support for Euratom in the Context of Technological Confrontation between the USA and the USSR in 1950shttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-5869ЛекаренкоОксана ГеннадьевнаLekarenkoOksana G.

Томск

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olekarenko@gmail.comНациональный исследовательский Томский государственный университетРоссияTomsk State UniversityRussian Federation20252112202527611041111Copyright © Лекаренко О.Г., 20252025Лекаренко О.Г.Lekarenko O.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/6140

Холодная война характеризовалась всеобъемлющим соперничеством между США и СССР, включая сферу науки и техники. США демонстрировали готовность делиться своими знаниями с союзниками, что позволяло Вашингтону укреплять лидерство в западном блоке. Примером такой политики является заключенное в 1958 г. соглашение о сотрудничестве между США и Европейским сообществом по атомной энергии (Евратом). Политика США в отношении Евратома изучалась в контексте американской поддержки европейской интеграции и усилий по созданию режима ядерного нераспространения. Цель – проанализировать, как на американскую политику в отношении Евратома повлияло технологическое противо­стояние сверхдержав. Исследование проводилось с опорой на архивные материалы, опубликованные документы по внешней политике США, речи и мемуары американских политиков, прессу. В ходе исследования было установлено, что в 1950-е гг. мирный атом стал новым важным сектором противо­ стояния между США и СССР. Администрация Д. Эйзенхауэра предложила странам Западной Европы сотрудничество в области мирного использования атомной энергии. Частью данной политики стала поддержка Евратома – наднационального сообщества шести стран Западной Европы, созданного для объединения усилий по развитию атомной энергетики. Запуск спутника в СССР придал дополнительный импульс подписанию соглашения о сотрудничестве между США и Евратомом, усилив интерес Вашингтона к совместной программе, которая объединила бы американские и западноевропейские научно-технические ресурсы для противостояния Москве. Проведенное исследование может способствовать как более глубокому пониманию мотивов американской политики, направленной на поддержку Евратома, так и логики советско-­ американского противостояния времен холодной войны.

The Cold War between the USA and the USSR unfolded on the fields of science and technology. Washington did not mind sharing scientific knowledge with its European allies to strengthen its leadership in the Western bloc. Agreement on cooperation was signed between the United States and the European Atomic Energy Community in 1958. The USA supported European integration and efforts to create a nuclear non-proliferation regime. However, the US policy towards Euratom was also influenced by the technological confrontation between the superpowers. The study involved archival materials, published documents on the US foreign policy, speeches and memoirs of American politicians, media publications. The so-called peaceful atom became a new important sector of confrontation between the USA and the USSR in the 1950s. The Eisenhower administration offered Western Europe cooperation in the field of peaceful nuclear energy. Euratom was a supranational community of six Western European countries created to pool efforts in the sphere of nuclear energy development. The launch of Sputnik in the USSR gave additional impetus to the cooperation agreement between the United States and Euratom, increasing Washington’s interest in a joint program that would unite American and Western European science and technology against the USSR. The study provides an insight into the logic of the US policy regarding Euratom and the Soviet-American confrontation during the Cold War.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.