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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kemsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">СибСкрипт</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SibScript</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-2122</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kemerovo State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/sibscript-2025-27-3-519-530</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NDSFQA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kemsu-5986</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Всеобщая история</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>General History</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Происхождение и эволюция понятия викинги: этимологический, исторический и культурологический подходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vikings as a Concept: Etymological, Historical, and Cultural Approaches to Origin and Evolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7431-7119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>Владислав Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenko</surname><given-names>Vladislav O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барнаул</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladumgard@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Altai State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>519</fpage><lpage>530</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартыненко В.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартыненко В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynenko V.O.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5986">https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5986</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложены систематизированная характеристика и углубленное рассмотрение ключевых подходов к понятию викинги в исторической науке. Цель – исследовать происхождение и процесс эволюции понятия викинги с опорой на основные научные подходы к данной проблеме и анализ исторических источников. В статье рассмотрены следующие подходы к понятию викинги, существующие в скандинавистике: этимологический, исторический и культурологический. С применением историко-генетического, сравнительно-исторического и контент-аналитического методов была выявлена этимология понятия викинги и признаки, образующие это понятие на разных исторических этапах. С опорой преимущественно на зарубежную и отечественную историографию, а также скандинавские и исландские исторические источники сделаны выводы о том, что этимологический подход не может дать полноценное понимание значения данного понятия, поскольку в саму эпоху викингов оно имело другое смысловое значение. В век саг понятие викинги приобрело основные признаки: морские походы, грабительский и групповой характер деятельности викингов, что соответствует историческому подходу к использованию рассматриваемого понятия. Начиная с XIX в., когда в ряде стран происходил процесс национального строительства, грань между историческим и культурологическим подходами размывается. Понятие викинги используется применимо ко всем народам скандинавского происхождения, которые активно занимались торговлей, колонизацией и грабежами. Сегодня большинство исследователей используют понятие викинги в широком смысле, включая в него всех скандинавов VIII–XI вв. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article contains a systematic in-depth examination of key approaches to the concept of Vikings in historical science with a focus on its origin and evolution. Scandinavian historical studies and linguistics know the etymological, historical, and cultural approaches to Vikings as a term and a concept. The historicalgenetic, comparative-historical, and content-analytical research methods made it possible to reveal its etymology and diachronic concept signs. Both foreign and domestic historiography, as well as Scandinavian and Icelandic historical sources, prove that the etymological approach alone cannot provide a full understanding of this concept because it had a different semantics in the Viking age. Only in sagas did it acquire its key features of seafarers, looters, gangs, etc. These features correspond to the historical approach to the concept. The Scandinavian nationbuilding process in the 19th century blurred the line between the historical and cultural approaches: the term Vikings started to be applied to all peoples of Scandinavian origin engaged in trade, colonization, and looting. Today, most researchers use it as an umbrella term for all Scandinavians of the VIII–XI centuries. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>викинги</kwd><kwd>скандинавы</kwd><kwd>эпоха викингов</kwd><kwd>походы викингов</kwd><kwd>исландские саги</kwd><kwd>Скандинавия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vikings</kwd><kwd>Norsemen</kwd><kwd>Viking Age</kwd><kwd>Viking campaigns</kwd><kwd>Icelandic sagas</kwd><kwd>Scandinavia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буайе Р. Викинги: история и цивилизация. СПб.: Евразия, 2012. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyer R. Vikings: History and civilization. St. Petersburg: Evrasiia, 2012, 416. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазырина Г. В. 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