<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kemsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">СибСкрипт</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SibScript</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-2122</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kemerovo State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/sibscript-2024-26-2-223-234</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">lowdea</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kemsu-5595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНТО- И СОЦИОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ЖИЗНЕОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONTOLOGY AND SOCIOGENETICS OF LIFE FULFILMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-психологические предпосылки определения понятия правовые отношения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical Approaches to the Concept of Legal Relations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безносов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beznosov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург </p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55953947800" ext-link-type="uri">55953947800 </ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55953947800" ext-link-type="uri">55953947800 </ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">don_bizon@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт психологии и социальной работы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>223–234</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Безносов Д.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безносов Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beznosov D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5595">https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5595</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведен анализ научно-теоретических подходов к определению понятия правовые отношения. Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью построения правового государства, устанавливающего сбалансированные правовые отношения. Проанализировано четыре подхода: юридический, субъект- объектный, морально-нравственный и социально-психологический. С точки зрения юридического подхода правовые отношения – это отношения, регулируемые нормами права. В субъект-объектном подходе правовые отношения понимаются как взаимоотношения субъектов, обладающих правами и реализующих их по отношению друг к другу и к объектам, включенным в правовое поле. Согласно морально-нравственному подходу, основой формирования системы права в обществе являются нравственность и мораль. Новизна исследования заключается в разработке поэтапного формирования права в процессе развития общества. На первом этапе происходит образование нравственных норм в процессе непосредственной коммуникации членов сообщества. Второй этап связан с усвоением индивидом норм и формированием морали. На третьем этапе осуществляется формирование норм права. Четвертый этап завершается законодательным закреплением правовых норм. В результате теоретического анализа было выявлено четыре социально- психологических процесса образования правовых норм: а) неформальная межличностная коммуникация, направленная на формирование норм нравственности; б) интериоризация нравственных норм поведения в индивидуальном сознании, формирование морального сознания; в) экстериоризация морально-нравственных норм в общественном сознании, формирование правового сознания; г) легитимизация морально-нравственных норм и законодательное оформление правовых норм. В социально-психологическом подходе рассмотрены такие принципы правовых отношений, как чувства справедливости и равноправия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A state governed by the rule of law establishes balanced legal relations. This article describes four scientific and theoretical approaches to the concept of legal relations, i.e., legal, subject-object, moral, and socio-psychological. According to the legal approach, legal relations are regulated by law. The subject-object approach defines legal relations as those that occur between subjects who possess certain rights and exercise them in relation to each other or to the objects in the legal field. According to the moral approach, society builds the system of law based on moral principles. This approach offers a step-by-step formation of law in the process of social development. Stage 1 shapes moral norms as a result of direct communication between community members. Stage 2 is associated with the individual assimilation of norms and the formation of morality. Stage 3 presupposes the arrival of legal norms. Stage 4 ends with the legislative consolidation of legal norms. The theoretical analysis revealed four socio-psychological processes in the development of legal norms: a) informal interpersonal communication yields moral norms, b) moral behavior patterns become internal, and moral consciousness appears; c) moral norms are exteriorized in the public consciousness, thus leading to legal consciousness; d) moral norms are legitimized, and legal norms become law. The socio-psychological approach considers such principles of legal relations as the sense of justice and equality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>правовые отношения</kwd><kwd>правовые нормы</kwd><kwd>субъекты права</kwd><kwd>объекты права</kwd><kwd>нравственность</kwd><kwd>мораль</kwd><kwd>право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>legal relations</kwd><kwd>legal norms</kwd><kwd>subjects of law</kwd><kwd>objects of law</kwd><kwd>morality</kwd><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С. С. Общая теория права. М.: Юрид. лит., 1981. Т. 1. 360 с. https://elibrary.ru/rlstqd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev S. S. General theory of law. Moscow: Iurid. lit., 1981, vol. 1, 360. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/rlstqd</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вебер М. Избранные произведения. М.: Прогресс, 1990. 804 с. https://elibrary.ru/sguyor</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber M. Selected works. Moscow: Progress, 1990, 804. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/sguyor</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гегель Г. Философия права. М.: Мысль, 1990. 524 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegel G. Philosophy of Law. Moscow: Mysl, 1990, 524. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гроций Г. О праве войны и мира. М.: АСТ, ОГИЗ, 2023. 909 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grotius H. On the laws of war and peace. Moscow: AST, OUIZ, 2023, 909. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ж.-Ж. Руссо: Pro et Contra. СПб.: РХГА, 2005. 832 с. https://elibrary.ru/wxzccz</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rousseau J.-J. Pro et Contra. St. Petersburg: RCAH, 2005, 832. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/wxzccz</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин И. А. О сущности правосознания. М.: Ророг, 1993a. 235 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin I. AEssence of legal consciousness. Moscow: Rorog, 1993a, 235. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин И. А. Сочинения. Т. 1. Философия права. Нравственная философия. М.: Медиум, 1993b. 509 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin I. A. Essays. Vol. 1. Philosophy of law. Moral philosophy. Moscow: Medium, 1993b, 509. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин И. А. Теория права и государства. 2-е изд., доп. М.: Зерцало-М, 2014, 552 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin I. A. Theory of law and state. 2nd ed. Moscow: Zertalo-M, 2014, 552. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кант И. Критика практического разума. М.: Азбука, 2023. 256 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant I. Critique of practical reason. Moscow: Azbuka, 2023, 256. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кант И. Основы метафизики нравственности. М.: Директ-Медиа, 2021. 92 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant I. Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. Moscow: Direkt-Media, 2021, 92. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коркунов Н. М. Лекции по общей теории права. М.: РОССПЭН, 2010. 520 с. https://elibrary.ru/sbbngz</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korkunov N. M. Lectures on general theory of law. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2010, 520. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/sbbngz</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медушевский А. Н. История русской социологии. М.: Высш. шк., 1993. 317 с. https://elibrary.ru/pyiqdn</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medushevskiy A. N. History of Russian sociology. Moscow: Vyscs. shk.,1993, 317 с. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/pyiqdn</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морлей Дж. Руссо. М.: Либроком, 2012. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morley J. Rousseau. Moscow: Librokom, 2012, 480. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поздняков В. М. Психологическая юриспруденция как междисциплинарная наука и область психопрактики. Психология и право. 2017. Т. 7. № 1. С. 206–219. https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2017070117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pozdnyakov V. M. Psychological jurisprudence as an inter­disciplinary science and the area of psychological practice. Psychology and Law, 2017, 7(1): 206–219. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2017070117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полищук Н. И. Эволюция идеи права и правовые отношения: вопросы теории и практики. СПб.: Юрид. ин-т, 2005. 269 с. https://elibrary.ru/qxfgnl</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polishuk N. I. Evolution of the idea of law and legal relations: Issues of theory and practice. St. Petersburg: Legal Institute, 2005, 269. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/qxfgnl</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серков П. П. Правоотношение: нравственность современного правового регулирования. М.: Норма, 2020, 688 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serkov P. P. Legal relationship: Morality of modern legal regulation. Moscow: Norma, 2020, 688. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серков П. П. Правоотношения: теория и практика современного правового регулирования. Ч. 2. Очертания правовой универсальности. Ч. 3. Закономерность правовых закономерностей. М.: Норма, 2018. 1088 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serkov P. P. Legal relations: Theory and practice of modern legal regulation. Pt. 2. Outlines of legal universality. Pt. 3. Regularity of legal laws. Moscow: Norma, 2018, 1088. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соловьев В. С. Право и нравственность: очерки из прикладной этики. СПб.: Я. Канторович, 1899. 182 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solovyov V. S. Law and morality: Essays from applied ethics. St. Petersburg: Ia. Kantorovich, 1899, 182. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сочилин А. А. Этический смысл различения Гегелем «морали» и «нравственности». Этическая мысль. 2014. № 14. С. 160–174. https://elibrary.ru/tjjkll</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sochilin A. A. The ethical meaning of Hegel’s distinction between morality and ethics. Ethical thought, 2014, (14): 160–174. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/tjjkll</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трубецкой Е. Н. Энциклопедия права. СПб.: Юрид. ин-т, 1998. 183 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trubetskoy E. N. Encyclopedia of law. St. Petersburg: Legal Institute, 1998, 183. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фихте И. Г. Основа естественного права согласно принципам наукоучения. М.: Канон+, 2014. 391 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fichte J. G. Foundations of natural law according to the principles of scientific teaching. Moscow: Kanon+, 2014, 391. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халфина Р. О. Общее учение о правоотношении. М.: Юрид. лит., 1974. 351 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalfina R. O. General doctrine of legal relations. Moscow: Iurid. lit., 1974, 351. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрлих О. Основоположение социологии права. СПб.: СПбУ, 2011. 704 с. https://elibrary.ru/vwneof</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehrlich O. Foundations of the sociology of law. St. Petersburg: SPbSU, 2011, 704. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/vwneof</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell D. T. On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. Zygon, 1976, 11(3): 167–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9744.1976.TB00277.X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell D. T. On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. Zygon, 1976, 11(3): 167–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9744.1976.TB00277.X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claridge T. Sources of social capital. Social Capital Research, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8285209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claridge T. Sources of social capital. Social Capital Research, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8285209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dirks K. T., de Jong B. Trust within the workplace: A review of two waves of research and a glimpse of the third. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2022, 9: 247–276. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-083025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dirks K. T., de Jong B. Trust within the workplace: A review of two waves of research and a glimpse of the third. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2022, 9: 247–276. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-083025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurowski L., Szymanic P. Legal regulations impact on social capital. The case of Poland. Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, 2020, 20(2): 227–254. https://doi.org/10.34135/sjps.200203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurowski L., Szymanic P. Legal regulations impact on social capital. The case of Poland. Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, 2020, 20(2): 227–254. https://doi.org/10.34135/sjps.200203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Legood A., van der Werff L., Lee A., den Hartog D., van Knippenberg D. A critical review of the conceptualization, operationalization, and empirical literature on cognition-based and affect-based trust. Journal of Management Studies, 2023, 60(2): 495–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12811</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legood A., van der Werff L., Lee A., den Hartog D., van Knippenberg D. A critical review of the conceptualization, operationalization, and empirical literature on cognition-based and affect-based trust. Journal of Management Studies, 2023, 60(2): 495–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12811</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opotov S. Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 1990, 46(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opotov S. Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 1990, 46(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuldasheva S. Z., Nizomov B. U., Kholova M. K. g., Eshtemirov A. N. o. Psychology of trust and security. Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences, 2022, 1(12): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7429824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuldasheva S. Z., Nizomov B. U., Kholova M. K. g., Eshtemirov A. N. o. Psychology of trust and security. Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences, 2022, 1(12): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7429824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
