kemsuСибСкриптSibScript2949-21222949-2092Kemerovo State University10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-4-517-524HLBZJUkemsu-5260Research ArticleПсихолого-педагогические проблемы развития личности в норме и патологииPsychological and Pedagogical Problems of Personality Development in Normal and Pathological ConditionsГрупповая схема-терапия в снижении стресса родителей, воспитывающих ребенка с ОВЗGroup Schema Therapy for Reducing Parenting Stress in Families with Children with Disabilitieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-1300КимКонстантин АнатольевичKimKonstantin A.

Владивосток

Vladivostok

scicon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-5548КадыровРуслан ВаситовичKadyrovRuslan V.

Владивосток

Vladivostok

Дальневосточный федеральный университетРоссияFar Eastern Federal UniversityRussian FederationТихоокеанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияPacific State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202209102022244517524Copyright © Ким К.А., Кадыров Р.В., 20222022Ким К.А., Кадыров Р.В.Kim K.A., Kadyrov R.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5260

Родительский стресс – это негативная реакция в отношении себя и ребенка, возникающая при оценке уровня загруженности родительской ролью. Результаты исследований родительского стресса показывают, что уровень воспринимаемого стресса у родителей, воспитывающих ребенка с инвалидностью, выше, чем у родителей здоровых детей. Схема-терапия является эффективным психотерапевтическим направлением, созданным для работы с лицами, в отношении которых методы когнитивно-поведенческой терапии оказываются слабоэффективными. Цель – обобщить и систематизировать работы зарубежных и отечественных исследователей, направленных на выяснение возможности применения групповой схема-терапии для работы со стрессом у родителей, воспитывающих ребенка с ОВЗ. Основными материалами для исследования послужили статьи зарубежных и отечественных ученых об исследованиях родительского стресса и направлениях его коррекции, а также статьи о методах групповой терапии и схема-терапии. Основным методом исследования стал сравнительный анализ литературных источников с последующим синтезом выявленной информации. Проведен анализ популярных психотерапевтических направлений (когнитивно-поведенческая психотерапия; мультисистемная терапия; терапия, ориентированная на решение проблем), из которого был сделан вывод, что большое внимание в этих направлениях уделяется освоению конкретных навыков по уходу за ребенком, работе с поведением и мыслями. При этом популярные психотерапевтические направления делают недостаточный акцент на эмоциональное состояние родителя. Теория и практика схема-терапии имеют обширную доказательную базу своей эффективности в работе с родительским стрессом. Помимо обучения родителей навыкам ухода и воспитания, схема-терапия включает в себя обучение навыкам, позволяющим конструктивно удовлетворять свои эмоциональные потребности, тем самым уменьшая родительский стресс. Разработка психотерапевтической программы, базирующейся на теории и практике схема-терапии, позволит уменьшить уровень стресса родителей, воспитывающих детей с ОВЗ. 

Parents experience stress that manifests itself as a negative reaction to the situation when the demands of being a parent exceed the expectations of oneself as a parent. Stress level in parents of children with disabilities is significantly higher than in standard families. Schema therapy is an effective psychological intervention for managing this stress. The paper reviews foreign and Russian publications on schema therapy for parents of children with special needs. The comparative analysis showed that schema-therapy approach might have higher efficacy in managing this type of stress than other popular psychotherapeutic approaches, e.g., CBT, MCT, PST, etc. These approaches often focus on teaching specific parenting skills or changing parents' behavior and attitude but leave behind their emotional well-being. Schema therapy develops effective parenting skills and behavioral practices while teaching emotion management strategies. A comprehensive schema therapy program may reduce stress in parents of children with disabilities. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.