kemsuСибСкриптSibScript2949-21222949-2092Kemerovo State University10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-4-420-429ZXQWNWkemsu-5250Research ArticleПоследствия пандемии COVID-19 как вызовы для психологической науки и практикиConsequences of COVID-19 Pandemic as Challenges for Psychological Science and PracticeПрименение техник когнитивно-поведенческой психотерапии для восстановления когнитивной сферы у лиц, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию (COVID-19): возможности и перспективыCognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy after COVID-19: Opportunities and Prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-5470СолодухинАнтон ВитальевичSolodukhinAnton V.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

Mein11@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-4333СерыйАндрей ВикторовичSeryyAndrey V.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-6671ВаричЛидия АлександровнаVarichLidiia A.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

БрюхановЯрослав ИгоревичBryukhanovYaroslav I.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

ЖихаревАлександр ЮрьевичZhikharevAleksandr Yu.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

Кемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation202209102022244420429Copyright © Солодухин А.В., Серый А.В., Варич Л.А., Брюханов Я.И., Жихарев А.Ю., 20222022Солодухин А.В., Серый А.В., Варич Л.А., Брюханов Я.И., Жихарев А.Ю.Solodukhin A.V., Seryy A.V., Varich L.A., Bryukhanov Y.I., Zhikharev A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5250

Представлен теоретический обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований эффективности техник когнитивно-поведенческой терапии при работе с нарушениями когнитивной сферы у пациентов с COVID-19. Актуальность исследования современных подходов к коррекции расстройств когнитивной сферы у лиц, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию, связана с тем, что данные нарушения психической деятельности приводят к ограничениям основных процессов жизнедеятельности и трудностям социальной адаптации. Поскольку когнитивная сфера является ядром реабилитационного потенциала, определяет эффективность адаптации человека к новым условиям жизни после перенесенного заболевания, то состояние когнитивных функций является значимым критерием при оценке качества проводимых восстановительных мероприятий на постковидном этапе. В статье рассмотрены основные причины формирования когнитивных нарушений, а именно повреждение нервной системы в результате респираторного дистресс-синдрома, цитокинового шторма, тромбоза сосудов головного мозга, прямого воздействия вируса SARS-Cov2 и неадекватного иммунного ответа организма. Представлены данные об исследованиях сопутствующих психических заболеваний, таких как расстройство аутистического спектра, деменция, снижение интеллекта, расстройство пищевого поведения, суицидальное поведение, тревога и депрессия, посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство, бессонница. Приведены основные методики, применяемые при диагностике когнитивной сферы. Учитывая комплексное нарушение ряда компонентов психической деятельности (снижение памяти, внимания, скорости мыслительных процессов и усиление ряда аффективных расстройств), представленные диагностические методики разделены на несколько направлений: 1) нейропсихологическая диагностика когнитивных функций (тесты MMSE, MOCA, FAB); 2) выявление неадекватных установок и нарушений поведенческого характера (Опросник «Способы совладающего поведения» Р. Лазаруса, Шкала дисфункциональных отношений А. Бека, Методика диагностики наличия и выраженности иррациональных установок А. Эллиса); 3) выявление нарушений повседневной активности (Индекс Бартела для оценки повседневной активности жизни); 4) выявление нарушений психолого-психиатрического характера (Госпитальная Шкала Тревоги и Депрессии HADS, Шкала тревоги Спилбергера-Ханина, Шкала Гамильтона для оценки депрессии). Указаны основные принципы оказания психологической помощи для пациентов с COVID-19. Представлены результаты оценки эффективности техник когнитивно-поведенческой психотерапии, направленной на исправление когнитивных искажений, обучение релаксации и саморегуляции, тренировку навыков решения проблем, восстановление когнитивных функций. 

This article reviews domestic and foreign studies on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating cognitive disorders in former COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus-induced cognitive disorders include damage to the nervous system as a result of respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, cerebral vascular thrombosis, direct exposure to SARS-Cov2, and inadequate immune response. Concomitant mental illnesses include autistic disorders, dementia, cognitive decline, eating disorders, suicidal behavior, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, insomnia, etc. Diagnostic methods usually take into account a complex violation of mental activities, e.g., short memory span, attention deficiency, slow thinking, and various affective disorders. As a result, diagnostic methods can be divided into several areas: neuropsychological diagnostics of cognitive functions (MMSE, MOCA, FAB), identification of inadequate attitudes and behavior (WCQ, SPB, DAS), identification of violations of daily activity (The Barthel Scale), identification of psychological and psychiatric issues (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). Psychological care for former COVID-19 patients relies on some basic principles. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy techniques aim at correcting cognitive distortions, teaching relaxation and self-regulation, improving problem-solving skills, and restoring cognitive functions. 

когнитивная сферакогнитивно-поведенческая психотерапиякоронавирусная инфекцияпсихические нарушениякогнитивные функциитехники когнитивно-поведенческой терапииcognitive spherecognitive behavioral therapycoronavirus infectionmental disorderscognitive functionscognitive behavioral therapy techniquesИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 22-25-20173 «Психофизиологические предикторы когнитивных нарушений у лиц, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию (COVID-19): система профилактики и коррекции». https:// rscf.ru/project/22-25-20173/The study was supported the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-25-20173 "Psychophysiological predictors of cognitive impairment in former COVID-19 patients: prevention and correction". https://rscf.ru/project/ 22-25-20173/ReferencesОстроумова Т. М., Черноусов П. А., Кузнецов И. В. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2021. Т. 13. № 1. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.