kemsuСибСкриптSibScript2949-21222949-2092Kemerovo State University10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-1-122-129AREZSXkemsu-5179Research ArticleЯзыкознаниеLinguisticsДополнительные смыслы в значениях идиом с компонентом тело человека: контекст, семантикаAdditional Meanings of Human Body-related Idioms: Context, SemanticsЗакироваАзалия АзатовнаZakirovaAzaliya A.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-0934АндрееваМария ИгоревнаAndreevaMariia I.lafruta@mail.ruКазанский государственный медицинский университет (Россия, г. Казань)Kazan State Medical University (Russia, Kazan)202213042022241121128Copyright © Закирова А.А., Андреева М.И., 20222022Закирова А.А., Андреева М.И.Zakirova A.A., Andreeva M.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibscript.ru/jour/article/view/5179

Рассматривается насущный вопрос формирования идиом с компонентом тело человека. Номинации тела человека, а именно части тела, чувства, физиологические и психические процессы, используются для образования многочисленных английских идиом. В данной статье эти идиомы называются идиомами с компонентом тело человека. Цель – выявить специфику лексико-семантических составляющих идиом, основываясь на контекстах. Мы изучили 200 английских идиом с компонентом тело человека, отобранных из академических источников и словарей. Исследование проводилось в четыре этапа. Тематическая классификация, основанная на лексической структуре идиом, выявила преобладание идиом, включающих слова head (голова), eyes (глаза), heart (сердце), back (спина), foot (нога) и hand (рука). Сходство, выявленное в значениях всех изучаемых идиом, позволило провести семантическую классификацию и выделить следующие пять групп: характеристики, действие, состояние, причинно-следственная связь, способность. На дальнейших этапах мы рассматривали контекстуальные и семантические особенности превалирующих групп характеристики и состояние. В частности, были изучены идиомы, содержащие слово head, на материале текстов Британского национального корпуса. В контекстах были выявлены следующие дополнительные смыслы идиом: более высокое положение, достижения, местоположение, расходы, неспособность измениться, что-то вспомнить, победить. Структурные типы словосочетаний с идиомами изучались на основе газет, загруженных в Google Ngram Viewer, и выявили преобладание типа AV+K. Полученные результаты и разработанный алгоритм могут быть в дальнейшем применены к лексическим и контекстуальным исследованиям различных идиом в частности и лексических групп в целом. 

The paper addresses a vital issue of forming idioms with nominations of human body. Human body-related words nominating body parts, physiological and mental processes are used to form numerous English idioms. In given paper these idioms are referred to as human body-related. The paper aims at revealing the specifics of lexical and semantic constituents of the idioms with reference to their contexts. We collected 200 human body-related English idioms from academic books and dictionaries. The research comprised four stages. The thematic classification based on the lexical structure of the idioms revealed prevalence of the idioms comprising words head, eyes, heart, back, foot, and hand. The similarities found in the meanings of all the idioms under study provided semantic classification into five groups, namely, characteristics, action, state, causation, and ability. Next we focused on contextual and semantic specifics of the idioms. In particular, the idioms, containing the word head were studied in the texts of the British National Corpus. The contexts provided the following additional meanings of the idioms: higher position, achievements, location, expenses, and inability to do something. The revealed collocations follow AV+K type. The obtained results and developed algorithm may be applied to lexical and contextual studies of idioms and lexical groups. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.